Quantifying Environmental and Spatial Patterns of Fish on Log Snags to Optimise Resnagging in Coastal Seascapes

Long-term declines in coastal water quality and sedimentation can affect the restoration success of ecosystems such as seagrass and shellfish reefs. Resnagging coastal seascapes offers a potential alternative restoration method that is not reliant on abiotic conditions and which may enhance degraded landscapes for fish and fisheries. While common in freshwater ecosystems, such interventions are unusual for coastal seascapes despite log snags supporting significant benefits for coastal fish. In this study, we identify the spatial (e.g. seascape connectivity), habitat condition (e.g. log snag complexity and food availability) and water quality variables that best explain variation in fish assemblages on log snags to help prioritise the placement and design of resnagging efforts in estuaries. We surveyed fish assemblages on log snags using underwater videography at 363 sites across 13 estuaries in southeast Queensland, Australia, over 3 years. Sites less than 10,000 m from the estuary mouth, more than 2500 m from urban structures and located in water depths of < 3 m harboured more diverse fish assemblages. Sites less than 10,000 m from the estuary mouth with lower (< 25%) algae cover harboured greater total fish abundance and harvested fish abundance. Similar trends were found for the abundance of individuals from key functional groups, although these trends were mediated by other seascape contexts (e.g. the area of natural habitat) and water quality variables (e.g. chlorophyll-a concentration and dissolved oxygen saturation). Our results indicate that log snag placement in estuaries for benefits to fish and fisheries can be maximised if sites are planned strategically.