{"title":"没食子酸包覆氧化铁纳米粒子对抗肺炎克雷伯菌胶囊相关基因、抗菌和抗生物膜的潜在机制。","authors":"Dhuha S. Khaleel, Thamer Y. Mutter, Xing Huang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24650","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>Antibiotic resistance has increased in recent years, especially for pathogens like <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. Discovering and developing new drugs is challenging due to the high resistance of pathogens. Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in recent years to overcome and treat infections. Gallic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs-GA) were synthesized in a simple and cost-effective method. The morphology characteristics of synthesized IONPs-GA were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. IONPs were mostly spherical in shape with sizes ranging between 32 and 61 nm. All analyses used in this study confirmed the successful coating of gallic acid to iron oxide. Biological activities were studied phenotypically and on the molecular level, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, and mRNA levels of capsule-associated genes. The results showed high antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against different G<sup>+ve</sup> and G<sup>−ve</sup> bacteria. The highest activity was recorded against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (43 mm) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (22 mm). The MIC of IONPs against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was 3.12 mg/mL and SEM analysis showed adhering the IONPs-GA to the cell surface of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> resulted in disrupting the cell membrane. Different concentrations of sub-MIC inhibited <i>K. pneumoniae</i> biofilm formation with the highest inhibition percentage at ½ × MIC (66.86%). Also, the synthesized IONPs-GA differently affected the regulation and mRNA level of capsule-associated genes in <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. The results indicated that IONPs-GA could be useful in biological applications such as in drug delivery and treatment wide range of pathogens.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Research Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>Gallic acid was successfully coated into iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in a simple way.</li>\n \n <li>IONPs-GA was morphologically characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.</li>\n \n <li>Evaluation the activity of IONPs-GA as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and study the potential level of mRNA affected by IONPs-GA</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Potential mechanism of gallic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles against associated genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule, antibacterial and antibiofilm\",\"authors\":\"Dhuha S. 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Biological activities were studied phenotypically and on the molecular level, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, and mRNA levels of capsule-associated genes. The results showed high antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against different G<sup>+ve</sup> and G<sup>−ve</sup> bacteria. The highest activity was recorded against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (43 mm) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (22 mm). The MIC of IONPs against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was 3.12 mg/mL and SEM analysis showed adhering the IONPs-GA to the cell surface of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> resulted in disrupting the cell membrane. Different concentrations of sub-MIC inhibited <i>K. pneumoniae</i> biofilm formation with the highest inhibition percentage at ½ × MIC (66.86%). Also, the synthesized IONPs-GA differently affected the regulation and mRNA level of capsule-associated genes in <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. The results indicated that IONPs-GA could be useful in biological applications such as in drug delivery and treatment wide range of pathogens.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Research Highlights</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>Gallic acid was successfully coated into iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in a simple way.</li>\\n \\n <li>IONPs-GA was morphologically characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.</li>\\n \\n <li>Evaluation the activity of IONPs-GA as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and study the potential level of mRNA affected by IONPs-GA</li>\\n </ul>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18684,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microscopy Research and Technique\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microscopy Research and Technique\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.24650\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microscopy Research and Technique","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.24650","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
近年来，抗生素耐药性不断增加，尤其是肺炎克雷伯氏菌等病原体。由于病原体的高抗药性，发现和开发新药具有挑战性。近年来，金属纳米粒子被广泛用于克服和治疗感染。本文采用简单、经济的方法合成了没食子酸包覆氧化铁纳米颗粒（IONPs-GA）。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了合成的IONPs-GA的形态特征。IONPs 大多呈球形，大小在 32 纳米到 61 纳米之间。本研究中使用的所有分析都证实了没食子酸与氧化铁的成功包覆。对生物活性进行了表型和分子水平的研究，包括抗菌、抗生物膜和胶囊相关基因的 mRNA 水平。结果表明，合成的纳米粒子对不同的 G+ve 和 G-ve 细菌具有很高的抗菌活性。对金黄色葡萄球菌（43 mm）和肺炎双球菌（22 mm）的活性最高。IONPs 对肺炎双球菌的 MIC 值为 3.12 mg/mL，扫描电镜分析表明，IONPs-GA 附着在肺炎双球菌的细胞表面会破坏细胞膜。不同浓度的亚 MIC 可抑制肺炎双球菌生物膜的形成，其中以 ½ × MIC 的抑制率最高（66.86%）。此外，合成的 IONPs-GA 对肺炎双球菌胶囊相关基因的调控和 mRNA 水平的影响也不同。研究结果表明，IONPs-GA可用于生物应用，如药物输送和治疗多种病原体。研究亮点：成功地将没食子酸包覆到以简单方法合成的氧化铁纳米粒子中。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对 IONPs-GA 进行了形态学表征。评估 IONPs-GA 的抗菌和抗生物膜活性，并研究 IONPs-GA 对 mRNA 的潜在影响水平。
Potential mechanism of gallic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles against associated genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule, antibacterial and antibiofilm
Antibiotic resistance has increased in recent years, especially for pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae. Discovering and developing new drugs is challenging due to the high resistance of pathogens. Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in recent years to overcome and treat infections. Gallic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs-GA) were synthesized in a simple and cost-effective method. The morphology characteristics of synthesized IONPs-GA were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. IONPs were mostly spherical in shape with sizes ranging between 32 and 61 nm. All analyses used in this study confirmed the successful coating of gallic acid to iron oxide. Biological activities were studied phenotypically and on the molecular level, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, and mRNA levels of capsule-associated genes. The results showed high antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against different G+ve and G−ve bacteria. The highest activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (43 mm) and K. pneumoniae (22 mm). The MIC of IONPs against K. pneumoniae was 3.12 mg/mL and SEM analysis showed adhering the IONPs-GA to the cell surface of K. pneumoniae resulted in disrupting the cell membrane. Different concentrations of sub-MIC inhibited K. pneumoniae biofilm formation with the highest inhibition percentage at ½ × MIC (66.86%). Also, the synthesized IONPs-GA differently affected the regulation and mRNA level of capsule-associated genes in K. pneumoniae. The results indicated that IONPs-GA could be useful in biological applications such as in drug delivery and treatment wide range of pathogens.
Research Highlights
Gallic acid was successfully coated into iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in a simple way.
IONPs-GA was morphologically characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.
Evaluation the activity of IONPs-GA as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and study the potential level of mRNA affected by IONPs-GA
期刊介绍：
Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.
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