Rastislav Vazan, Boris Mravec, Iveta Bernatova, Diana Celarova, Silvia Hnilicova, Jana Radosinska
{"title":"摄入黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力对休息和精神压力时心脏自主神经控制的影响不同","authors":"Rastislav Vazan, Boris Mravec, Iveta Bernatova, Diana Celarova, Silvia Hnilicova, Jana Radosinska","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chocolate is a popular food that may affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of dark or milk chocolate on ANS cardiac control during rest and mental stress induced by the Stroop test (ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy participants, divided into DARK or MILK chocolate groups, ingested corresponding type of chocolate (1 g/kg body weight). They underwent measurement of ANS during relaxation and ST before and 2 h after chocolate consumption. ANS control was assessed by determination of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability using parameters related to complex autonomic modulation (TP, SDNN) or primary vagal modulation (HFnu, RMSSD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR was always increased during ST in both groups. Relaxation HR values after chocolate ingestion were higher only in the DARK chocolate group. During ST, values of TP, SDNN and HFnu decreased before and after chocolate ingestion in the DARK group, but only before chocolate ingestion in the MILK group. RMSSD values decreased during ST before and after chocolate ingestion in both groups. Relaxation TP, RMSSD and HFnu values after chocolate ingestion were lower in the DARK but not in the MILK group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that even a single dose of milk chocolate attenuates changes in ANS cardiac control induced by mental stress, whereas a single dose of dark chocolate has an activating effect on the heart <i>via</i> modification of ANS cardiac control at rest. Different levels of sugars and cocoa biologically active compounds in the two types of chocolate could explain the observed effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Intake of Dark and Milk Chocolate Differently Affects Autonomic Nervous Control of the Heart During Rest and Mental Stress.\",\"authors\":\"Rastislav Vazan, Boris Mravec, Iveta Bernatova, Diana Celarova, Silvia Hnilicova, Jana Radosinska\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chocolate is a popular food that may affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of dark or milk chocolate on ANS cardiac control during rest and mental stress induced by the Stroop test (ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy participants, divided into DARK or MILK chocolate groups, ingested corresponding type of chocolate (1 g/kg body weight). They underwent measurement of ANS during relaxation and ST before and 2 h after chocolate consumption. ANS control was assessed by determination of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability using parameters related to complex autonomic modulation (TP, SDNN) or primary vagal modulation (HFnu, RMSSD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR was always increased during ST in both groups. Relaxation HR values after chocolate ingestion were higher only in the DARK chocolate group. During ST, values of TP, SDNN and HFnu decreased before and after chocolate ingestion in the DARK group, but only before chocolate ingestion in the MILK group. RMSSD values decreased during ST before and after chocolate ingestion in both groups. Relaxation TP, RMSSD and HFnu values after chocolate ingestion were lower in the DARK but not in the MILK group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that even a single dose of milk chocolate attenuates changes in ANS cardiac control induced by mental stress, whereas a single dose of dark chocolate has an activating effect on the heart <i>via</i> modification of ANS cardiac control at rest. Different levels of sugars and cocoa biologically active compounds in the two types of chocolate could explain the observed effects.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":29768,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the American Nutrition Association\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the American Nutrition Association\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/7/9 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的巧克力是一种广受欢迎的食品,可能会影响自律神经系统(ANS)的活动。本研究的目的是确定单剂量黑巧克力或牛奶巧克力对休息时和由斯特罗普测试(ST)诱发的精神压力下自律神经系统心脏控制的影响。他们在食用巧克力前和食用巧克力后 2 小时分别测量放松和 ST 期间的 ANS。通过使用与复杂自律神经调节(TP、SDNN)或初级迷走神经调节(HFnu、RMSSD)相关的参数测定心率(HR)和心率变异性,评估自律神经系统的控制情况:结果:在 ST 期间,两组的心率均有所增加。结果:两组在ST期间心率均有所上升,只有黑巧克力组在摄入巧克力后的松弛心率值较高。在 ST 期间,DARK 组的 TP 值、SDNN 值和 HFnu 值在摄入巧克力之前和之后均有所下降,而 MILK 组仅在摄入巧克力之前有所下降。两组在摄入巧克力前后的 ST 期间,RMSSD 值均有所下降。巧克力摄入后的松弛 TP、RMSSD 和 HFnu 值在 "黑暗 "组较低,而在 "牛奶 "组则不低:结果表明,即使是单剂量的牛奶巧克力也能减轻精神压力引起的自律神经系统心脏控制的变化,而单剂量的黑巧克力则能通过改变静息状态下的自律神经系统心脏控制对心脏产生激活作用。两种巧克力中糖和可可生物活性化合物含量的不同可以解释观察到的效果。
Intake of Dark and Milk Chocolate Differently Affects Autonomic Nervous Control of the Heart During Rest and Mental Stress.
Objective: Chocolate is a popular food that may affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of dark or milk chocolate on ANS cardiac control during rest and mental stress induced by the Stroop test (ST).
Methods: Healthy participants, divided into DARK or MILK chocolate groups, ingested corresponding type of chocolate (1 g/kg body weight). They underwent measurement of ANS during relaxation and ST before and 2 h after chocolate consumption. ANS control was assessed by determination of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability using parameters related to complex autonomic modulation (TP, SDNN) or primary vagal modulation (HFnu, RMSSD).
Results: HR was always increased during ST in both groups. Relaxation HR values after chocolate ingestion were higher only in the DARK chocolate group. During ST, values of TP, SDNN and HFnu decreased before and after chocolate ingestion in the DARK group, but only before chocolate ingestion in the MILK group. RMSSD values decreased during ST before and after chocolate ingestion in both groups. Relaxation TP, RMSSD and HFnu values after chocolate ingestion were lower in the DARK but not in the MILK group.
Conclusion: The results suggest that even a single dose of milk chocolate attenuates changes in ANS cardiac control induced by mental stress, whereas a single dose of dark chocolate has an activating effect on the heart via modification of ANS cardiac control at rest. Different levels of sugars and cocoa biologically active compounds in the two types of chocolate could explain the observed effects.