Dual phage-incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol-eudragit nanofiber matrix for rapid healing of diabetic wound infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Diabetic wound healing remains a healthcare challenge due to co-occurring multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and the constraints associated with sustained drug delivery. Here, we integrate two new species of phages designated as PseuPha1 and RuSa1 respectively lysing multiple clinical MDR strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus into a novel polyvinyl alcohol-eudragit (PVA-EU^†) nanofiber matrix through electrospinning for rapid diabetic wound healing. PVA-EU^† evaluated for characteristic changes that occurred due to electrospinning and subjected to elution, stability and antibacterial assays. The biocompatibility and wound healing ability of PVA-EU^† were assessed through mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3, followed by validation through diabetic mice excision wound co-infected with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The electrospinning resulted in the incorporation of ~ 75% active phages at PVA-EU^†, which were stable at 25 °C for 30 days and at 4 °C for 90 days. PVA-EU^† showed sustained release of phages for 18 h and confirmed to be detrimental to both mono- and mixed-cultures of target pathogens. The antibacterial activity of PVA-EU^† remained unaltered in the presence of high amounts of glucose, whereas alkaline pH promoted the activity. The matrix exerted no cytotoxicity on NIH3T3, but showed significant (p < 0.0001) wound healing in vitro and the process was rapid as validated through a diabetic mice model. The sustained release, quick wound closure, declined abundance of target MDR bacteria in situ and histopathological signs of recovery corroborated the therapeutic efficacy of PVA-EU^†. Taken together, our data signify the potential application of PVA-EU^† in the rapid treatment of diabetic wounds without the aid of antibiotics.