{"title":"LEAF 概念车使用氢气运行:火焰拓扑结构和氮氧化物的形成","authors":"Quentin Malé, Khushboo Pandey, Nicolas Noiray","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2024.105278","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The development of low NO hydrogen (H) burners is crucial for the sustainability target of the power/propulsion sector. However, the technical difficulty of burning H at low NO emissions is challenging for the combustion community. Recently, the concept of LEan Azimuthal Flame (LEAF) has demonstrated promising results for low NO kerosene/hydrogen combustion by rapidly diluting the reactants with burnt gas and fresh oxidizer. However, there is a lack of understanding of the flame dynamics and the NO formation routes for H LEAF. We therefore carried out a joint experimental and numerical study of the LEAF combustor at atmospheric pressure fueled with H. Experiments are based on OH-planar laser-induced fluorescence and exhaust gas analysis. Numerical results are based on massively parallel Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with an accurate description of the combustion and NO chemistry. This study focuses on understanding the effects of the Air Ratio (AR), which defines the distribution of the air injected from the top and the bottom of the LEAF combustor. The LES results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data in terms of flame topology and exhaust emissions. A dual flame structure is observed when rich premixed gas is injected from the bottom together with air from the top, leading to the coexistence of premixed and non-premixed combustion regimes. An optimum AR is identified to minimize NO emissions. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
开发低氮氧化物(NO)氢(H)燃烧器对于实现电力/推进领域的可持续发展目标至关重要。然而,在低氮氧化物排放条件下燃烧氢气的技术难度对燃烧界来说具有挑战性。最近,"低氮方位火焰"(LEAF)概念通过用燃烧气体和新鲜氧化剂快速稀释反应物,在低氮煤油/氢燃烧方面取得了可喜的成果。然而,人们对 H LEAF 的火焰动力学和 NO 的形成途径还缺乏了解。因此,我们对常压下以 H 为燃料的 LEAF 燃烧器进行了联合实验和数值研究。数值结果基于大规模并行大涡模拟(LES),对燃烧和氮氧化物化学性质进行了精确描述。这项研究的重点是了解空气比(AR)的影响,空气比定义了从 LEAF 燃烧器顶部和底部喷入的空气的分布。在火焰拓扑和废气排放方面,LES 结果与实验数据非常吻合。当从底部喷入富预混气体和从顶部喷入空气时,可观察到双重火焰结构,从而导致预混和非预混燃烧状态共存。确定了一个最佳 AR,以最大限度地减少氮氧化物的排放。这归因于从底部喷入的空气增强了方位旋流,其动量高于仅喷入纯 H 的动量。
The LEAF concept operated with hydrogen: Flame topology and NOx formation
The development of low NO hydrogen (H) burners is crucial for the sustainability target of the power/propulsion sector. However, the technical difficulty of burning H at low NO emissions is challenging for the combustion community. Recently, the concept of LEan Azimuthal Flame (LEAF) has demonstrated promising results for low NO kerosene/hydrogen combustion by rapidly diluting the reactants with burnt gas and fresh oxidizer. However, there is a lack of understanding of the flame dynamics and the NO formation routes for H LEAF. We therefore carried out a joint experimental and numerical study of the LEAF combustor at atmospheric pressure fueled with H. Experiments are based on OH-planar laser-induced fluorescence and exhaust gas analysis. Numerical results are based on massively parallel Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with an accurate description of the combustion and NO chemistry. This study focuses on understanding the effects of the Air Ratio (AR), which defines the distribution of the air injected from the top and the bottom of the LEAF combustor. The LES results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data in terms of flame topology and exhaust emissions. A dual flame structure is observed when rich premixed gas is injected from the bottom together with air from the top, leading to the coexistence of premixed and non-premixed combustion regimes. An optimum AR is identified to minimize NO emissions. It is attributed to the enhancement of the azimuthal whirling flow by the air injected from the bottom, having higher momentum than pure H injection only.
期刊介绍:
The Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains forefront contributions in fundamentals and applications of combustion science. For more than 50 years, the Combustion Institute has served as the peak international society for dissemination of scientific and technical research in the combustion field. In addition to author submissions, the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute includes the Institute''s prestigious invited strategic and topical reviews that represent indispensable resources for emergent research in the field. All papers are subjected to rigorous peer review.
Research papers and invited topical reviews; Reaction Kinetics; Soot, PAH, and other large molecules; Diagnostics; Laminar Flames; Turbulent Flames; Heterogeneous Combustion; Spray and Droplet Combustion; Detonations, Explosions & Supersonic Combustion; Fire Research; Stationary Combustion Systems; IC Engine and Gas Turbine Combustion; New Technology Concepts
The electronic version of Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains supplemental material such as reaction mechanisms, illustrating movies, and other data.