精子特异性 CatSper 并非在所有脊椎动物中都是保守的,也可能不是精子中唯一的孕酮反应性离子通道。

IF 2.3 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Journal of Membrane Biology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-06 DOI:10.1007/s00232-024-00316-1
Nishant Kumar Dubey, Vikash Kumar, Chandan Goswami
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引用次数: 0

摘要

黄体酮(P4)是脊椎动物生殖过程中的一种关键的保守信号分子。P4 对成熟精子的生理机能和随后的生殖成功尤为重要。"CatSpermasome "是一种多单元分子复合物,被认为是成熟精子中主要的(如果不是唯一的)P4 响应非典型 Ca2+ 离子通道。在这里,我们分析了从早期鱼类到人类的 500 多种脊椎动物的 CatSper1-4 蛋白序列。在哺乳动物中,CatSper1 的长度变长,主要是由于 N 端的序列增益。总体而言,全长 CatSper1-4 以及单个 TM 区域的保存率仍然很低。脂水界面残基(即存在于每个 TM 区域两侧的 5 个氨基酸延伸序列)也保持高度差异。没有观察到特定的氨基酸分布模式。带正电荷、带负电荷的总频率或它们的比例没有任何特定的模式。同样,总疏水残基、总亲水残基的频率,甚至它们的比例也仍然是随机的,没有遵循任何特定的模式。我们注意到,两栖动物中缺少 CatSper1-4 基因,鸟类中缺少 CatSper1 基因。CatSper1-4的高度变异性和某些支系的基因缺失表明,"CatSpermasome "并不是唯一的P4反应离子通道。数据表明,CatSper 的分子进化主要受多种疏水配体的引导,而不仅仅是 P4。比较数据还表明,脊椎动物精子中可能存在其他也能对 P4 作出反应的 Ca2+ 通道。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Sperm-Specific CatSper is Not Conserved in All Vertebrates and May Not be the Only Progesterone-Responsive Ion Channel Present in Sperm.

Sperm-Specific CatSper is Not Conserved in All Vertebrates and May Not be the Only Progesterone-Responsive Ion Channel Present in Sperm.

Progesterone (P4) acts as a key conserved signalling molecule in vertebrate reproduction. P4 is especially important for mature sperm physiology and subsequent reproductive success. "CatSpermasome", a multi-unit molecular complex, has been suggested to be the main if not the only P4-responsive atypical Ca2+-ion channel present in mature sperm. Altogether, here we analyse the protein sequences of CatSper1-4 from more than 500 vertebrates ranging from early fishes to humans. CatSper1 becomes longer in mammals due to sequence gain mainly at the N-terminus. Overall the conservation of full-length CatSper1-4 as well as the individual TM regions remain low. The lipid-water-interface residues (i.e. a 5 amino acid stretch sequence present on both sides of each TM region) also remain highly diverged. No specific patterns of amino acid distributions were observed. The total frequency of positively charged, negatively charged or their ratios do not follow in any specific pattern. Similarly, the frequency of total hydrophobic, total hydrophilic residues or even their ratios remain random and do not follow any specific pattern. We noted that the CatSper1-4 genes are missing in amphibians and the CatSper1 gene is missing in birds. The high variability of CatSper1-4 and gene-loss in certain clades indicate that the "CatSpermasome" is not the only P4-responsive ion channel. Data indicate that the molecular evolution of CatSper is mostly guided by diverse hydrophobic ligands rather than only P4. The comparative data also suggest possibilities of other Ca2+-channel/s in vertebrate sperm that can also respond to P4.

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来源期刊
Journal of Membrane Biology
Journal of Membrane Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
4.20%
发文量
63
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Membrane Biology is dedicated to publishing high-quality science related to membrane biology, biochemistry and biophysics. In particular, we welcome work that uses modern experimental or computational methods including but not limited to those with microscopy, diffraction, NMR, computer simulations, or biochemistry aimed at membrane associated or membrane embedded proteins or model membrane systems. These methods might be applied to study topics like membrane protein structure and function, membrane mediated or controlled signaling mechanisms, cell-cell communication via gap junctions, the behavior of proteins and lipids based on monolayer or bilayer systems, or genetic and regulatory mechanisms controlling membrane function. Research articles, short communications and reviews are all welcome. We also encourage authors to consider publishing ''negative'' results where experiments or simulations were well performed, but resulted in unusual or unexpected outcomes without obvious explanations. While we welcome connections to clinical studies, submissions that are primarily clinical in nature or that fail to make connections to the basic science issues of membrane structure, chemistry and function, are not appropriate for the journal. In a similar way, studies that are primarily descriptive and narratives of assays in a clinical or population study are best published in other journals. If you are not certain, it is entirely appropriate to write to us to inquire if your study is a good fit for the journal.
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