Active shortening and aseismic slip along the Cephalonia Plate Boundary (Paliki Peninsula, Greece): Evidence from InSAR and GNSS data

We present a comprehensive analysis of geodetic data, including InSAR and GNSS, to assess the interseismic deformation of the Paliki peninsula in western Cephalonia, Greece. The region is prone to frequent earthquakes, due to its proximity to the Cephalonia Transform Fault (CTF), a 140 km long dextral strike-slip fault (striking NNE-SSW) that accommodates the relative motion between the Apulian and Aegean lithospheric plates. Our analysis covers the period from 2016 to 2022 and leverages LiCSBAS, an open-source package, for InSAR time series analysis with the N-SBAS method. The results of the InSAR analysis demonstrate deformation rates between 2 and 5 mm/yr in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction of the satellite. We constructed E-W velocity profiles that provided a velocity gradient terminating against the outcropping trace of the seismic fault of the 3 February 2014 earthquake (M6.1) near Atheras. This geodetic evidence indicates a ∼ 1 mm/yr minimum aseismic slip (fault creep) motion along the February 2014 seismic fault, during 2016–2022. Positive LOS values in both satellite imaging geometries show that the coastal town of Lixouri experiences uplift of 1 mm/yr. East-West velocity cross-sections across western Cephalonia including Gulf of Argostoli reveal several velocity discontinuities, possibly bounded by active faults and/or landslides. The E-W shortening rate between Lixouri and Argostoli areas amounts to 1.5 mm/yr corresponding to −187 ns/yr (nanostrain/yr) of tectonic strain. Our results suggest a complex deformation pattern on the Paliki peninsula with strain accumulation along strike-slip and reverse-slip faults. We also inverted GNSS velocities from Italy and Greece, across the Cephalonia segment of CTF (assuming elastic half-space) and obtained a locking depth of 13 km, and a slip rate of 17.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr.