The complex link between sleep-disordered breathing and asthma control in pediatric patients: A cross-sectional study

Background

In children, asthma and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) may affect quality of life (QoL), and SDB may complicate asthma management.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of SDB, its association with asthma control, and risk factors associated with SDB in a cohort of asthmatic children. The effects of asthma control and SDB on QoL were also investigated.

Methods

We consecutively recruited asthmatic children referred to our Pulmonology Service from December 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023. Data on anthropometrics, respiratory function, and allergies were collected. The prevalence of SDB was assessed by the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Asthma control status was assessed by the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), while QoL was evaluated by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire. Factors associated with SDB were analyzed.

Results

A total of 78 asthmatic children aged 5–12 years were included. SDB was found in 37.2% of them, with a higher prevalence in children with uncontrolled versus well-controlled asthma (60.1% vs. 27.3%; p-value = 0.005). The C-ACT score was significantly lower in SDB-positive versus SDB-negative group, and uncontrolled asthma (C-ACT ≤19) was associated with a 4.15-fold increased risk of SDB. The PedsQL score was significantly lower in asthmatic children with than without SDB and was associated with lower SDB risk. SDB increased the risk of uncontrolled asthma in children, and asthmatic children with SDB had lower QoL.

Conclusion

In asthmatic children, SDB affects both asthma control and QoL. Children with uncontrolled asthma should be referred for polysomnography to identify a possible underlying SDB.