拉乌奇里定理的一般化

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.1002/malq.202300031
Nattapon Sonpanow, Pimpen Vejjajiva
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In this article, we give a generalisation of a simple form of Läuchli's lemma from which several results can be obtained. That is, <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mn>2</mn>\n <mi>m</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$2^{\\mathfrak {m}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> in the latter equation can be replaced by other cardinals which are equal to <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mn>2</mn>\n <mi>m</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$2^{\\mathfrak {m}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> in <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>ZF</mi>\n <mi>C</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathsf {ZF}{\\rm C}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> but not in <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>ZF</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathsf {ZF}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, for example, <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>m</mi>\n <mo>!</mo>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {m}!$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>P</mi>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mi>r</mi>\n <mi>t</mi>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>m</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\textup {Part}(\\mathfrak {m})$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, the cardinalities of the set of permutations and the set of partitions, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>m</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {m}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":0,"journal":{"name":"","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A generalisation of Läuchli's lemma\",\"authors\":\"Nattapon Sonpanow,&nbsp;Pimpen Vejjajiva\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/malq.202300031\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Läuchli showed in the absence of the Axiom of Choice (<span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>AC</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathsf {AC}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>) that <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>f</mi>\\n <mi>i</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>ℵ</mi>\\n <mn>0</mn>\\n </msub>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>=</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>f</mi>\\n <mi>i</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$(2^{\\\\textup {fin}(\\\\mathfrak {m})})^{\\\\aleph _0} = 2^{\\\\textup {fin}(\\\\mathfrak {m})}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and, consequently, <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>=</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$2^{2^{\\\\mathfrak {m}}}+2^{2^{\\\\mathfrak {m}}} = 2^{2^{\\\\mathfrak {m}}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for all infinite cardinals <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {m}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>f</mi>\\n <mi>i</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\textup {fin}(\\\\mathfrak {m})$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msup>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <annotation>$2^{\\\\mathfrak {m}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> are the cardinalities of the set of finite subsets and the power set, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>m</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {m}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在没有选择公理()的情况下,莱乌赫利证明了,因此,对于所有无限红心数,其中,和分别是有限子集的红心数和一个红心数为 的集合的幂集的红心数。在这篇文章中,我们给出了莱希里 Lemma 的一个简单形式的概括,从中可以得到一些结果。也就是说,在后一个等式中,可以用等于 in 而不等于 , 的其他红心数来代替,例如,和 , 分别是一个具有红心数的集合的置换集和分割集的红心数。
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A generalisation of Läuchli's lemma

Läuchli showed in the absence of the Axiom of Choice ( AC $\mathsf {AC}$ ) that ( 2 f i n ( m ) ) 0 = 2 f i n ( m ) $(2^{\textup {fin}(\mathfrak {m})})^{\aleph _0} = 2^{\textup {fin}(\mathfrak {m})}$ and, consequently, 2 2 m + 2 2 m = 2 2 m $2^{2^{\mathfrak {m}}}+2^{2^{\mathfrak {m}}} = 2^{2^{\mathfrak {m}}}$ for all infinite cardinals m $\mathfrak {m}$ , where f i n ( m ) $\textup {fin}(\mathfrak {m})$ and 2 m $2^{\mathfrak {m}}$ are the cardinalities of the set of finite subsets and the power set, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality m $\mathfrak {m}$ . In this article, we give a generalisation of a simple form of Läuchli's lemma from which several results can be obtained. That is, 2 m $2^{\mathfrak {m}}$ in the latter equation can be replaced by other cardinals which are equal to 2 m $2^{\mathfrak {m}}$ in ZF C $\mathsf {ZF}{\rm C}$ but not in ZF $\mathsf {ZF}$ , for example, m ! $\mathfrak {m}!$ and P a r t ( m ) $\textup {Part}(\mathfrak {m})$ , the cardinalities of the set of permutations and the set of partitions, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality m $\mathfrak {m}$ .

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