女证人时代:犹太妇女与克劳斯-巴比的审判

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Ashley Valanzola
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1987 年 5 月,萨宾-兹拉廷(Sabine Zlatin)和西蒙娜-拉格朗日(Simone Lagrange)在对臭名昭著的纳粹分子克劳斯-巴比(Klaus Barbie)--"里昂屠夫"--反人类罪的审判中出庭作证,从而成为法国家喻户晓的人物。在证人席上,兹拉廷的证词揭示了她作为波兰犹太移民在战时广泛参与救援和抵抗的坚毅精神。同时,拉格朗日分享了她作为一名 13 岁犹太女孩的遭遇,克劳斯-巴比曾对她施以酷刑。在巴比受审期间,国内外媒体频繁报道兹拉廷和拉格朗日的战时和战后生活。这次审判受到了媒体的极大关注,使其成为法国重新唤起对大屠杀记忆的关键事件,然而,在犹太妇女作为证人的角色方面,这次审判的独特之处在于它是在女权运动之后进行的。女权运动使人们能够更好地理解兹拉汀和拉格朗日证词的性别性质,并认识到她们作为女性在战时和战后所遭受的迫害和坚持不懈的精神。展望未来,妇女所分享的经历的中心地位影响了人们对审判的记忆,甚至可以说影响了在危害人类罪的法规中更多地考虑对妇女的犯罪。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Era of the Female Witness: Jewish Women and the Trial of Klaus Barbie
In May 1987, Sabine Zlatin and Simone Lagrange became household names in France after they testified against the infamous Nazi Klaus Barbie, “the Butcher of Lyon,” during his trial for crimes against humanity. On the witness stand, Zlatin’s testimony revealed her perseverance as a Polish-Jewish immigrant involved extensively in wartime rescue and resistance. Meanwhile, Lagrange shared her encounters as a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl whom Klaus Barbie tortured. Throughout Barbie’s trial, national and international media outlets reported frequently on Zlatin and Lagrange’s wartime and postwar lives. The enormous media attention the trial received made it a crucial event during the resurgence of Holocaust memory in France, yet what made this trial unique regarding the role of Jewish women as witnesses was its timing in the aftermath of the women’s rights movement. The feminist movement allowed people to better understand the gendered nature of Zlatin and Lagrange’s testimonies and recognize their persecution and perseverance as women during and after the war. Going forward, the centrality of experiences shared by women shaped how the trial would be remembered, and arguably even influenced a greater consideration of crimes against women within the statutes for crimes against humanity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: The major forum for scholarship on the Holocaust and other genocides, Holocaust and Genocide Studies is an international journal featuring research articles, interpretive essays, and book reviews in the social sciences and humanities. It is the principal publication to address the issue of how insights into the Holocaust apply to other genocides. Articles compel readers to confront many aspects of human behavior, to contemplate major moral issues, to consider the role of science and technology in human affairs, and to reconsider significant political and social factors.
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