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引用次数: 0
摘要
在人为气候变化迅速的今天,森林火灾愈演愈烈。影响森林火灾发生频率和严重程度的因素有很多,如更炎热和更干燥的环境,还有一种昆虫的增加:树皮甲虫。大多数树皮甲虫喜欢以枯木为食,但有些甲虫(如山松甲虫)已经进化到可以大量攻击活树。以前,它们的幼虫受到初冬冰冻的控制。然而,由于气候变化,在气候变暖的冬季,幼虫不再受冻,再加上更多的树木受到干旱和高温的影响,导致这些甲虫的繁殖量激增。越来越多的干燥和可燃木质材料会助长大火。苏兹-伍尔夫(Suze Woolf)是一位关注气候对森林影响的艺术家,她在徒步旅行时观察到了这些甲虫在树皮和边材上的象形 "涂鸦",并将这些观察结果制作成了一系列《树皮甲虫书》。其中的 "第十四卷:Ars datum est "将树皮甲虫的足迹--即甲虫产卵的长廊--以柱状图的形式呈现出来。该图代表了不列颠哥伦比亚省和阿尔伯塔省从 1999 年到 2007 年受影响的森林区域。对 Suze 来说,这些痕迹是无法破译的密码,似乎是我们无法理解的信息。作为苏兹对人类影响的沉思,这本画册展示了树皮甲虫是如何对我们所创造的条件做出热情回应的:一个变暖的世界、一个世纪的防火措施,以及我们和甲虫现在争夺的大量均匀树龄的农用木材。
Forest fires are intensifying in a world bearing rapid anthropogenic climate change. Among the many factors affecting forest fire frequency and severity, such as hotter and drier conditions, there is also the increase in a certain kind of insect: bark beetles. Most bark beetles prefer dead tree wood as their diet, but some (e.g., the mountain pine beetle) have evolved to mass attack living trees. Previously, their larvae were kept in check by early winter freezes. However, in warmer winters, thanks to climate change, the larvae no longer freeze, plus more trees are drought and heat stressed, resulting in soaring reproduction of these beetles. The increasing volume of dry and combustible woody materials can help feed larger fires. Suze Woolf, an artist preoccupied with climate impacts on forests, observed their hieroglyphic “scribing” on bark and sapwood while hiking and turned those observations into a series of Bark Beetle Books. “Volume XIV: Ars datum est” is one that presents the trails of bark beetles—i.e., galleries where beetles deposit eggs—as a bar in a bar chart. The chart represents forest areas affected in British Columbia and Alberta from 1999 to 2007. These trails, to Suze, are undecipherable cryptograms that seem like a message we’re just not getting. This artist book, as Suze’s meditation on human impact, illustrates how bark beetles enthusiastically respond to the conditions we cooked: a warming world, a century of fire suppression, and a vast menu of even-aged agri-timbers over which we and the beetles now compete.
One EarthEnvironmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
18.90
自引率
1.90%
发文量
159
期刊介绍:
One Earth, Cell Press' flagship sustainability journal, serves as a platform for high-quality research and perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding and resolution of contemporary sustainability challenges. With monthly thematic issues, the journal aims to bridge gaps between natural, social, and applied sciences, along with the humanities. One Earth fosters the cross-pollination of ideas, inspiring transformative research to address the complexities of sustainability.