Optimal Balanced-Norm Error Estimate of the LDG Method for Reaction–Diffusion Problems I: The One-Dimensional Case

A singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problem in 1D is solved numerically by a local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method. For this type of problem the standard energy norm is too weak to capture the contribution of the boundary layer component of the true solution, so balanced norms have been used by many authors to give more satisfactory error bounds for solutions computed using various types of finite element method. But for the LDG method, up to now no optimal-order balanced-norm error estimate has been derived. In this paper, we consider an LDG method with central numerical flux on a Shishkin mesh. Using the superconvergence property of the local \(L^2\) projector and some local coupled projections around the two transition points of the mesh, we prove an optimal-order balanced-norm error estimate for the computed solution; that is, when piecewise polynomials of degree k are used on a Shishkin mesh with N mesh intervals, in the balanced norm we establish \(O((N^{-1}\ln N)^{k+1})\) convergence when k is even and \(O((N^{-1}\ln N)^{k})\) when k is odd. Numerical experiments confirm the sharpness of these error bounds.