The BRoccoli In Osteoarthritis (BRIO study) - A randomised controlled feasibility trial to examine the potential protective effect of broccoli bioactives, (specifically sulforaphane), on osteoarthritis.

Objective The Broccoli in Osteoarthritis (BRIO Study) was conducted to determine whether dietary sulforaphane (SFN), consumed as broccoli, improves pain and/or physical function in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This was a proof of principle study to test the feasibility of the trial to optimise the design of an appropriately powered study. Design Two-centre, double-blind, two-arm parallel, randomised placebo-controlled, dietary intervention feasibility trial. Patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence score 2-3), with pain of at least 4 on a scale of 0-10 were recruited. The intervention was a high glucoraphanin broccoli, (source of SFN), or a matched placebo (no SFN) soup. Pain and measures of physical function were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Results The mean WOMAC pain score (scale 0 - 20) was decreased by 4.2 (95% CI: 1.03,7.38) following intervention, Similar patterns of improvement were observed for other pain and function outcome measures. Study data, sample collections and intervention adherence were 100% compliant except where COVID restrictions applied. Acceptability for randomisation was 100% and acceptability for the intervention was 92%. There were three related adverse events, two of which were expected. Conclusions High glucosinolate broccoli soup is a novel approach to managing OA that is widely accessible and can be used on a large scale. This study shows that it is an acceptable way of delivering dietary bioactives and has potential for therapeutic benefit. The primary outcome of pain improved in the intervention group compared to the placebo and the confidence interval encompassed the minimal clinically important difference. The data provide justification for proceeding to a large scale, appropriately powered intervention trial.