Metal hyperaccumulation in the Indonesian flora

In this review, I examined the number, distribution, and metal concentrations of all known metal hyperaccumulator plants from Indonesia. In total, 72 hyperaccumulator taxa were found: 19 accumulated Ni, 42 accumulated Al, 7 accumulated Cu, 2 accumulated Zn, and 2 accumulated Co in addition to Ni. There were six hypernickelophores with greater than 1% foliar nickel and with potential for agromining. Less than 10% of the hyperaccumulator species were single island endemics, and only one had an endangered status. Given that many species were only recorded from locations with mining activity, conservation assessments and actions should urgently be undertaken. There are undoubtedly many more hyperaccumulators to be found across Indonesia that will be discovered with further inter-disciplinary surveys.