呼吸道肺炎爆发期间大峡谷沙漠大角羊的种群和空间动态

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Clinton W. Epps, P. Brandon Holton, Ryan J. Monello, Rachel S. Crowhurst, Sarah M. Gaulke, William M. Janousek, Tyler G. Creech, Tabitha A. Graves
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:河流生态系统中的陆生物种面临着独特的限制,导致种群结构、连通性和疾病动态模式的差异。大峡谷国家公园中的沙漠大角羊(Ovis canadensis nelsoni)是美国西南部的一个大型原生种群,它提供了一个独特的机会来评估一个偏远河流系统中持续受到人为影响的种群模式和过程。我们整合了非侵入性、侵入性和公民科学方法,以解决有关丰度、分布、疾病状况、遗传结构和栖息地破碎化的问题。方法我们汇编了公园工作人员、商业导游和私人公民在 2000-2018 年间在河流旅行中收集到的大角雉目击信息,并在 2010-2016 年捕获了大角雉,以部署 GPS 项圈并检测疾病。从 2011 年到 2015 年,我们以非侵入方式收集粪便样本,并在 9-16 个微卫星位点上进行基因分型,以确定个体身份和遗传结构。我们使用赋值测试来评估遗传结构并确定亚群,然后估算基因流和近期迁徙来评估破碎化情况。在利用资源选择功能模型考虑了检测的空间变化后,我们使用空间捕获-再捕获来估计每年的种群数量、分布和趋势。结果与讨论从 2010 年到 2018 年,共报告了 3176 次发现大角羚的情况,每年在正式调查中发现的大角羚数量为 56-145 只。从 2012 年到 2016 年,在整个公园的河流沿岸观察到了表现出呼吸道疾病症状的大角羚。在捕获的 25 只个体中,56% 感染了卵肺炎支原体(一种主要的呼吸道病原体),81% 的个体最近才接触过支原体。从 2011 年到 2015 年,为估算种群数量而进行的颗粒采样共获得 1,250 个基因型和 453 个个体。我们发现了 6 个遗传集群,表现出轻度至中度遗传结构(FST 0.022-0.126)。河流、距离以及可能的地形限制了近期的基因流动,但我们通过基因重捕在一个河段检测到了跨河运动,没有一个亚群显得完全孤立,而且基因多样性是报告中最高的。由于该系统的地形限制,目前大片空旷栖息地的重新定居似乎受到了限制。年种群估计值为 536-552(95% CrI 范围为 451-647),羔羊与母羊的比例各不相同,没有发现明显的种群下降现象。我们提供了一个多方法采样框架,对在偏远河流系统中采样其他野生动物很有帮助。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Population and spatial dynamics of desert bighorn sheep in Grand Canyon during an outbreak of respiratory pneumonia
IntroductionTerrestrial species in riverine ecosystems face unique constraints leading to diverging patterns of population structure, connectivity, and disease dynamics. Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) in Grand Canyon National Park, a large native population in the southwestern USA, offer a unique opportunity to evaluate population patterns and processes in a remote riverine system with ongoing anthropogenic impacts. We integrated non-invasive, invasive, and citizen-science methods to address questions on abundance, distribution, disease status, genetic structure, and habitat fragmentation.MethodsWe compiled bighorn sightings collected during river trips by park staff, commercial guides, and private citizens from 2000–2018 and captured bighorn in 2010–2016 to deploy GPS collars and test for disease. From 2011–2015, we non-invasively collected fecal samples and genotyped them at 9–16 microsatellite loci for individual identification and genetic structure. We used assignment tests to evaluate genetic structure and identify subpopulations, then estimated gene flow and recent migration to evaluate fragmentation. We used spatial capture-recapture to estimate annual population size, distribution, and trends after accounting for spatial variation in detection with a resource selection function model.Results and discussionFrom 2010–2018, 3,176 sightings of bighorn were reported, with sightings of 56–145 bighorn annually on formal surveys. From 2012–2016, bighorn exhibiting signs of respiratory disease were observed along the river throughout the park. Of 25 captured individuals, 56% were infected by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a key respiratory pathogen, and 81% were recently exposed. Pellet sampling for population estimation from 2011–2015 yielded 1,250 genotypes and 453 individuals. We detected 6 genetic clusters that exhibited mild to moderate genetic structure (FST 0.022–0.126). The river, distance, and likely topography restricted recent gene flow, but we detected cross-river movements in one section via genetic recaptures, no subpopulation appeared completely isolated, and genetic diversity was among the highest reported. Recolonization of one large stretch of currently empty habitat appears limited by the constrained topology of this system. Annual population estimates ranged 536–552 (95% CrI range 451–647), lamb:ewe ratios varied, and no significant population decline was detected. We provide a multi-method sampling framework useful for sampling other wildlife in remote riverine systems.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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