Solving freshwater conservation challenges through next-generation sequencing approaches

Freshwater ecosystems face numerous conservation challenges due to anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes, necessitating advanced monitoring methods for effective conservation strategies. Traditional monitoring approaches have limitations, including low resolution and the inability to address emerging threats or understand the structure–function relationship within ecosystems. This paper explores how Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches can revolutionize freshwater conservation efforts by integrating unbiased molecular insights into biomonitoring. By leveraging NGS methods a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem dynamics can be achieved. The paper emphasizes the critical link between microbial community composition and ecosystem functioning, highlighting the assessment of functional diversity and activity as key metrics in evaluating ecosystem health. The significant advancements NGS brings to the field enable a proactive approach to conservation strategies and informed management decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the importance and advancements in integrating NGS methods, marking a paradigm shift in conservation practices and leveraging cutting-edge technologies to safeguard the integrity and resilience of freshwater ecosystems for future generations.