Regulatory intensity and audit fees

This study employs the measurement of the cost of compliance with all federal paperwork regulations to examine the association between regulatory intensity and audit fees at the company level. Using a sample of US companies from 2003 to 2019, I find that regulatory intensity is positively associated with audit fees, suggesting that firms facing a heavier burden of regulatory compliance tend to incur higher audit fees. The findings are supported by various robustness tests. I also document a positive association between regulatory intensity and audit report lag. Moreover, I find that the positive relation between regulatory intensity and audit fees is more pronounced among firms in high‐litigation industries, which are typically subject to elevated litigation risks. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing new evidence on the relationship between regulatory intensity and audit fees, utilizing a novel and rigorous measure that captures the intensity of a broad range of regulations.