Emily A. Seelen, Emily Townsend, Samantha J. Gleich, David A. Caron, Mathilde Dugenne, Angelicque E. White, David M. Karl, Seth G. John
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PERIcosms combine some of the ecological advantages of large volume mesocosm incubations with the experimental ease and replication of bottle incubations, and their design is accessible for use by researchers without specialized training or travel to a designated incubation facility. Here, we provide a detailed description for the construction and implementation of PERIcosms and demonstrate their potential to promote replicable, diverse communities for several weeks under clean conditions using time-series results from two field experiments. One field experiment utilized coastal waters collected from Santa Catalina Island, CA and the other oligotrophic waters collected offshore of Honolulu, HI. Biomass metrics (chlorophyll a and particulate carbon) along with 16S/18S DNA based community composition assessments were conducted to show that communities contained within PERIcosms remained alive and diverse for several weeks using a semi-continuous culturing approach. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
利用自然海洋群落进行体外培养,可以深入了解群落的结构和功能,而仅通过实地观察是很难做到的。我们设计了一种最小金属培养系统,用于对微生物群落进行可控、可重复的实验。该系统被称为 "远洋生态系统研究培养箱(PERIcosms)",是一个 115 升的锥形水箱,设计用于对悬浮、沉降和壁面相关物质进行长达一个月的采样。PERIcosms 结合了大容量介观培养箱的一些生态优势以及瓶式培养箱的实验简便性和可重复性,其设计便于研究人员使用,无需专门培训或前往指定的培养设施。在这里,我们详细介绍了 PERIcosms 的构建和实施,并利用两个现场实验的时间序列结果,证明了它们在清洁条件下促进可复制的多样化群落发展的潜力。一个现场实验利用了从加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利娜岛采集的沿海水域,另一个利用了从夏威夷州檀香山近海采集的低营养水域。生物量指标(叶绿素 a 和颗粒碳)以及基于 16S/18S DNA 的群落组成评估表明,采用半连续培养方法,PERIcosms 中的群落在数周内仍保持活力和多样性。我们详细介绍了痕量金属清洁技术,这些技术可用于最大限度地减少外部污染,特别是在低溶解铁环境中。PERIcosms 具有促进自然群落培养的潜力,而这正是继续推进我们对微生物生态学和地球化学的理解所需要的。
Pelagic ecosystem research incubators (PERIcosms): optimized incubation tanks to investigate natural communities under long term, low nutrient, and low metal conditions
In vitro incubations using natural marine communities can provide insight into community structure and function in ways that are challenging through field observations alone. We have designed a minimal metal incubation system for controlled and repeatable experimentation of microbial communities. The systems, dubbed Pelagic Ecosystem Research Incubators (PERIcosms), are 115 L, conical tanks designed to sample suspended, settled, and wall associated material for month long periods. PERIcosms combine some of the ecological advantages of large volume mesocosm incubations with the experimental ease and replication of bottle incubations, and their design is accessible for use by researchers without specialized training or travel to a designated incubation facility. Here, we provide a detailed description for the construction and implementation of PERIcosms and demonstrate their potential to promote replicable, diverse communities for several weeks under clean conditions using time-series results from two field experiments. One field experiment utilized coastal waters collected from Santa Catalina Island, CA and the other oligotrophic waters collected offshore of Honolulu, HI. Biomass metrics (chlorophyll a and particulate carbon) along with 16S/18S DNA based community composition assessments were conducted to show that communities contained within PERIcosms remained alive and diverse for several weeks using a semi-continuous culturing approach. We detail trace metal clean techniques that can be used to minimize external contamination, particularly for low dissolved iron environments. PERIcosms have the potential to facilitate natural community incubations which are needed to continue advancing our understanding of microbial ecology and geochemistry.
期刊介绍:
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (ISSN 1541-5856) is a companion to ASLO''s top-rated journal Limnology and Oceanography, and articles are held to the same high standards. In order to provide the most rapid publication consistent with high standards, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods appears in electronic format only, and the entire submission and review system is online. Articles are posted as soon as they are accepted and formatted for publication.
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods will consider manuscripts whose primary focus is methodological, and that deal with problems in the aquatic sciences. Manuscripts may present new measurement equipment, techniques for analyzing observations or samples, methods for understanding and interpreting information, analyses of metadata to examine the effectiveness of approaches, invited and contributed reviews and syntheses, and techniques for communicating and teaching in the aquatic sciences.