Integrating host and microbiome biology using holo-omics

Holo-omics is the use of omics data to study a host and its inherent microbiomes – a biological system known as a “holobiont”. A microbiome that exists in such a space often encounters habitat stability and in return provides metabolic capacities that can benefit their host. Here we present an overview of beneficial host–microbiome systems and propose and discuss several methodological frameworks that can be used to investigate the intricacies of the many as yet undefined host–microbiome interactions that influence holobiont homeostasis. While this is an emerging field, we anticipate that ongoing methodological advancements will enhance the biological resolution that is necessary to improve our understanding of host–microbiome interplay to make meaningful interpretations and biotechnological applications.