Integrated multimodal sensing for scent digitalization

Scent digitalization, interpreting scents in digital realms, promises transformative impacts on human life in various areas. However, it faces challenges due to the diversity of scent molecules and the complex physicochemical interactions between scents and sensing materials. To date, a myriad of scent-sensing technologies and methodologies has been developed, yet no single approach has succeeded in capturing the intricate compositions of scents. Here, we propose an integrated multimodal sensing strategy that leverages the strengths of multiple sensing modalities to obtain a more complete and accurate representation of scent compositions. In this perspective, we revisit representative scent sensing techniques and explore the underlying physicochemical properties captured by each technique. We then present examples of integrated multimodal sensing, discussing the unique capabilities and operational features of combined modalities. Based on current progress and limitations, we discuss several future research directions for the field and envision a promising future of scent digitalization.