Adherence to Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Guidelines in Endourologic Procedures: Frequency and Related Outcomes.

Background: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), when used appropriately based on evidence-based guidelines, can reduce the rate of infectious complications following endourologic procedures without compromising patient outcomes. Objectives: To investigate the appropriateness of the current SAP used in endourologic surgeries based on international guidelines and report their associated outcomes (urinary tract infection [UTI] and blood stream infection [BSI]). Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Methodology: The medical records of patients undergoing endourologic procedures were reviewed to assess healthcare providers' adherence to international guideline recommendations. Assessed parameters included indication, duration, choice, and dose of the antibiotics used in endourologic procedures in two medical centers in Amman/Jordan. Furthermore, patients were asked to conduct laboratory urine tests to determine the rate of infectious complications within one month post-procedure. Results: Three hundred and sixty-one patients were recruited for the study. The adherence rates to guidelines regarding indication, choice, and dose of pre-operative antibiotics were 90.3%, 2.8%, and 77.8%, respectively. The duration was concordant with guidelines in only 3.4% of participants. A total of 41.8% of patients completed follow-up. Among those, 4.6% developed bacterial UTIs, and 0.7% developed BSI. Conclusion: Adherence to SAP guidelines in endourologic procedures was far from optimal. Primary deviations in the implementation of guidelines' recommendations were pinpointed. These results are crucial for planning interventions that optimize SAP utilization.