Dysgerminoma of the ovary.

Introduction: Dysgerminoma is a histologic subtype of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT). Most publications describing dysgerminoma are of small cohorts. Large cohorts usually describe MOGCT as a group, and therefore, drawing specific conclusions regarding dysgerminomas is challenging. In this study, we sought to highlight and review the most recently published data on dysgerminoma.

Evidence acquisition: We performed an electronic search in PubMed, using a range of medical subject heading terms (MeSH), including English language articles only, published earliest in 2010. Papers including "germ cell tumors," and "dysgerminoma" were included. We excluded reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports. We followed the PRISMA guidelines to prepare this review. All included articles were reviewed by two reviewers (LF, GL).

Evidence synthesis: We found that dysgerminomas mostly present in an early stage of the disease and therefore harbor a favorable prognosis. Most dysgerminomas occur in women of reproductive age, in which fertility-sparing treatment is safe. While complete staging surgery for all patients is debatable, adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be beneficial. Long-term follow-up by a gynecologic oncologist is necessary as recurrence may occur.

Conclusions: Since most studies are small and retrospective, the development of multicenter prospective studies protocols is of utmost importance to study future lines of therapy.