Determining effective sampling frequencies for transient pressure events in water distribution systems optimal sampling for WDS transients

This study introduces a novel methodology for determining the optimal frequency for pressure data acquisition in water distribution systems (WDSs) in response to transient-flow events such as pipe ruptures. By leveraging actual design and operational data, we simulated potential rupture scenarios and their resultant pressure wave patterns through transient-flow analysis. Harmonic series modeling was used to identify significant periods that closely replicate the observed pressure-wave time series. This allowed the derivation of recommended data acquisition intervals tailored to each monitoring site within the network. The proposed approach facilitates comprehensive analysis of all possible hydraulic shock scenarios, which can provide insights into both the existing monitoring infrastructure and strategic planning in the design phase of the WDS. Although the methodology focuses on rupture events, its application can extend to various water-quality indicators and flow rates, albeit with consideration of their typically static behavior.