{"title":"水-能源-粮食-温室气体关系:解决半干旱地区农业缺水问题的方法","authors":"Farnaz Ershadfath , Ali Shahnazari , Mahmoud Raeini Sarjaz , Omid Ali Moghadasi , Farshad Soheilifard , Soghra Andaryani , Rezvan Khosravi , Raheleh Ebrahimi , Fatemeh Hashemi , Dennis Trolle , Jørgen Eivind Olesen","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104040","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Agricultural systems involve intricate interdependencies among water, energy, and food. Increasing understanding of these linkages, along with implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and developing new assessment approaches are critical for achieving key sustainability goals.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>1) Evaluation of the impacts of tillage, irrigation and residue management practices on water and energy consumption, and GHG emission in the cultivation of irrigated wheat and rapeseed, 2) Developing a novel Water-Energy-Food-Greenhouse gas (WEFG) nexus index to provide a holistic assessment of the linkages among water, energy, food, and GHG emissions in agriculture, and 3) Assessing the sustainability of irrigated wheat and rapeseed cultivation under different methods of tillage, irrigation and residue management applying the WEFG nexus index.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>This study formulated a new WEFG nexus index applying eight indicators of water and energy consumption, CO<sub>2</sub>-eq (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent) emission, water and energy mass productivity, water, energy and CO<sub>2</sub>-eq economic productivity to evaluate the sustainability of wheat and rapeseed cultivation under two field management practices: 1) furrow irrigation with conventional tillage (FICT), and 2) center pivot irrigation with no-tillage (CPNT), within a semi-arid region in northeastern Iran. Irrigation in both systems was done by applying a deficit irrigation approach.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>CPNT resulted on average in 46% and 53% energy consumption reductions from water and diesel usage, respectively, compared to FICT. The mean CO<sub>2</sub>-eq emission under CPNT was 26% lower than that recorded under FICT. Furthermore, the WEFG nexus index score for wheat and rapeseed under CPNT was 0.91 and 0.73, respectively, out of 1, compared to 0.18 and 0.12 for FICT. These scores suggest that the CPNT approach is a more appropriate strategy than FICT, as it effectively reduced water and energy consumption while aligning better with long-term environmental and economic aims.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>The study applies more accurate GHG emission-based indicators to introduce a new WEFG nexus index, and it uses these for evaluation of different field management at the farm level to reduce the uncertainties in the large-scale studies. The proposed methodology for assessing multiple aspects of the WEFG nexus can change previous perceptions about agricultural management in other regions confronting multiple resources and environmental crises.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24001902/pdfft?md5=03fd1635fe39ff969fa233319927f84e&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24001902-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Water-energy-food-greenhouse gas nexus: An approach to solutions for water scarcity in agriculture of a semi-arid region\",\"authors\":\"Farnaz Ershadfath , Ali Shahnazari , Mahmoud Raeini Sarjaz , Omid Ali Moghadasi , Farshad Soheilifard , Soghra Andaryani , Rezvan Khosravi , Raheleh Ebrahimi , Fatemeh Hashemi , Dennis Trolle , Jørgen Eivind Olesen\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104040\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Agricultural systems involve intricate interdependencies among water, energy, and food. Increasing understanding of these linkages, along with implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and developing new assessment approaches are critical for achieving key sustainability goals.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>1) Evaluation of the impacts of tillage, irrigation and residue management practices on water and energy consumption, and GHG emission in the cultivation of irrigated wheat and rapeseed, 2) Developing a novel Water-Energy-Food-Greenhouse gas (WEFG) nexus index to provide a holistic assessment of the linkages among water, energy, food, and GHG emissions in agriculture, and 3) Assessing the sustainability of irrigated wheat and rapeseed cultivation under different methods of tillage, irrigation and residue management applying the WEFG nexus index.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>This study formulated a new WEFG nexus index applying eight indicators of water and energy consumption, CO<sub>2</sub>-eq (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent) emission, water and energy mass productivity, water, energy and CO<sub>2</sub>-eq economic productivity to evaluate the sustainability of wheat and rapeseed cultivation under two field management practices: 1) furrow irrigation with conventional tillage (FICT), and 2) center pivot irrigation with no-tillage (CPNT), within a semi-arid region in northeastern Iran. Irrigation in both systems was done by applying a deficit irrigation approach.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>CPNT resulted on average in 46% and 53% energy consumption reductions from water and diesel usage, respectively, compared to FICT. The mean CO<sub>2</sub>-eq emission under CPNT was 26% lower than that recorded under FICT. Furthermore, the WEFG nexus index score for wheat and rapeseed under CPNT was 0.91 and 0.73, respectively, out of 1, compared to 0.18 and 0.12 for FICT. These scores suggest that the CPNT approach is a more appropriate strategy than FICT, as it effectively reduced water and energy consumption while aligning better with long-term environmental and economic aims.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>The study applies more accurate GHG emission-based indicators to introduce a new WEFG nexus index, and it uses these for evaluation of different field management at the farm level to reduce the uncertainties in the large-scale studies. The proposed methodology for assessing multiple aspects of the WEFG nexus can change previous perceptions about agricultural management in other regions confronting multiple resources and environmental crises.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7730,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agricultural Systems\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24001902/pdfft?md5=03fd1635fe39ff969fa233319927f84e&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24001902-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agricultural Systems\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24001902\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricultural Systems","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24001902","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Water-energy-food-greenhouse gas nexus: An approach to solutions for water scarcity in agriculture of a semi-arid region
CONTEXT
Agricultural systems involve intricate interdependencies among water, energy, and food. Increasing understanding of these linkages, along with implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and developing new assessment approaches are critical for achieving key sustainability goals.
OBJECTIVES
1) Evaluation of the impacts of tillage, irrigation and residue management practices on water and energy consumption, and GHG emission in the cultivation of irrigated wheat and rapeseed, 2) Developing a novel Water-Energy-Food-Greenhouse gas (WEFG) nexus index to provide a holistic assessment of the linkages among water, energy, food, and GHG emissions in agriculture, and 3) Assessing the sustainability of irrigated wheat and rapeseed cultivation under different methods of tillage, irrigation and residue management applying the WEFG nexus index.
METHODS
This study formulated a new WEFG nexus index applying eight indicators of water and energy consumption, CO2-eq (CO2 equivalent) emission, water and energy mass productivity, water, energy and CO2-eq economic productivity to evaluate the sustainability of wheat and rapeseed cultivation under two field management practices: 1) furrow irrigation with conventional tillage (FICT), and 2) center pivot irrigation with no-tillage (CPNT), within a semi-arid region in northeastern Iran. Irrigation in both systems was done by applying a deficit irrigation approach.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
CPNT resulted on average in 46% and 53% energy consumption reductions from water and diesel usage, respectively, compared to FICT. The mean CO2-eq emission under CPNT was 26% lower than that recorded under FICT. Furthermore, the WEFG nexus index score for wheat and rapeseed under CPNT was 0.91 and 0.73, respectively, out of 1, compared to 0.18 and 0.12 for FICT. These scores suggest that the CPNT approach is a more appropriate strategy than FICT, as it effectively reduced water and energy consumption while aligning better with long-term environmental and economic aims.
SIGNIFICANCE
The study applies more accurate GHG emission-based indicators to introduce a new WEFG nexus index, and it uses these for evaluation of different field management at the farm level to reduce the uncertainties in the large-scale studies. The proposed methodology for assessing multiple aspects of the WEFG nexus can change previous perceptions about agricultural management in other regions confronting multiple resources and environmental crises.
期刊介绍:
Agricultural Systems is an international journal that deals with interactions - among the components of agricultural systems, among hierarchical levels of agricultural systems, between agricultural and other land use systems, and between agricultural systems and their natural, social and economic environments.
The scope includes the development and application of systems analysis methodologies in the following areas:
Systems approaches in the sustainable intensification of agriculture; pathways for sustainable intensification; crop-livestock integration; farm-level resource allocation; quantification of benefits and trade-offs at farm to landscape levels; integrative, participatory and dynamic modelling approaches for qualitative and quantitative assessments of agricultural systems and decision making;
The interactions between agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes; the multiple services of agricultural systems; food security and the environment;
Global change and adaptation science; transformational adaptations as driven by changes in climate, policy, values and attitudes influencing the design of farming systems;
Development and application of farming systems design tools and methods for impact, scenario and case study analysis; managing the complexities of dynamic agricultural systems; innovation systems and multi stakeholder arrangements that support or promote change and (or) inform policy decisions.