Keith Van Ryswyk , Ryan Kulka , Cheol-Heon Jeong , Angelos T. Anastasopolos , Tim Shin , Peter Blanchard , Danielle Veikle , Greg J. Evans
{"title":"地铁 PM2.5 的来源：对有限机械通风系统的调查","authors":"Keith Van Ryswyk , Ryan Kulka , Cheol-Heon Jeong , Angelos T. Anastasopolos , Tim Shin , Peter Blanchard , Danielle Veikle , Greg J. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2024.104164","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying subway PM sources is essential to improving subway air quality. To date, no source apportionment studies exist for systems with limited mechanical ventilation. These systems often have high concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. This study investigated PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources in the Toronto subway system using three analytical approaches. Positive matrix factorization identified three subway sources and no outdoor sources. A two-source Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model apportioned 92% and 55% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to iron-rich components (wheels, rails, and contact rails & shoes) and 8% and 45% to brake pads on line 1 and 2, respectively. A simple mechanistic model combined with the CMB results revealed wear of wheels, rails, and brake pads during braking to be the main source of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in this subway. These results indicate that below grade subways with minimal mechanical ventilation are dominated by system-sourced PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted during deceleration. This knowledge should help identify strategies to improve air quality in the subway systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920924001214/pdfft?md5=5580eae4a0b7bb4c337e964009b58181&pid=1-s2.0-S1361920924001214-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sources of subway PM2.5: Investigation of a system with limited mechanical ventilation\",\"authors\":\"Keith Van Ryswyk , Ryan Kulka , Cheol-Heon Jeong , Angelos T. Anastasopolos , Tim Shin , Peter Blanchard , Danielle Veikle , Greg J. Evans\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.trd.2024.104164\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Identifying subway PM sources is essential to improving subway air quality. To date, no source apportionment studies exist for systems with limited mechanical ventilation. These systems often have high concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. This study investigated PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources in the Toronto subway system using three analytical approaches. Positive matrix factorization identified three subway sources and no outdoor sources. A two-source Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model apportioned 92% and 55% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to iron-rich components (wheels, rails, and contact rails & shoes) and 8% and 45% to brake pads on line 1 and 2, respectively. A simple mechanistic model combined with the CMB results revealed wear of wheels, rails, and brake pads during braking to be the main source of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in this subway. These results indicate that below grade subways with minimal mechanical ventilation are dominated by system-sourced PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted during deceleration. This knowledge should help identify strategies to improve air quality in the subway systems.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23277,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920924001214/pdfft?md5=5580eae4a0b7bb4c337e964009b58181&pid=1-s2.0-S1361920924001214-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920924001214\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920924001214","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Sources of subway PM2.5: Investigation of a system with limited mechanical ventilation
Identifying subway PM sources is essential to improving subway air quality. To date, no source apportionment studies exist for systems with limited mechanical ventilation. These systems often have high concentrations of PM2.5. This study investigated PM2.5 sources in the Toronto subway system using three analytical approaches. Positive matrix factorization identified three subway sources and no outdoor sources. A two-source Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model apportioned 92% and 55% of PM2.5 to iron-rich components (wheels, rails, and contact rails & shoes) and 8% and 45% to brake pads on line 1 and 2, respectively. A simple mechanistic model combined with the CMB results revealed wear of wheels, rails, and brake pads during braking to be the main source of PM2.5 in this subway. These results indicate that below grade subways with minimal mechanical ventilation are dominated by system-sourced PM2.5 emitted during deceleration. This knowledge should help identify strategies to improve air quality in the subway systems.
期刊介绍：
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment focuses on original research exploring the environmental impacts of transportation, policy responses to these impacts, and their implications for transportation system design, planning, and management. The journal comprehensively covers the interaction between transportation and the environment, ranging from local effects on specific geographical areas to global implications such as natural resource depletion and atmospheric pollution.
We welcome research papers across all transportation modes, including maritime, air, and land transportation, assessing their environmental impacts broadly. Papers addressing both mobile aspects and transportation infrastructure are considered. The journal prioritizes empirical findings and policy responses of regulatory, planning, technical, or fiscal nature. Articles are policy-driven, accessible, and applicable to readers from diverse disciplines, emphasizing relevance and practicality. We encourage interdisciplinary submissions and welcome contributions from economically developing and advanced countries alike, reflecting our international orientation.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
