个人、国家分解与谈判策略:来自欧盟的证据

IF 2.4 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Nicola Chelotti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在探讨领导者以下的个人在多大程度上、如何以及何时影响国际政治的进程和产出。本文通过分析欧盟外交政策中的外交谈判者这一领导层以下的行动者群体来实现这一目的。它首先展示了尽管他们身处官僚机构的各个层级,但个体谈判者如何在事实上获得了最终的决策责任,其中最突出的是战术的选择。这种对外交官个人的授权是通过双重国家分解过程实现的:决策责任从政治层面转移到了官僚层面;然后,在官僚层面,决策责任又从以资本为基础的行政部门转移到了参与谈判的官员(通常以单一身份参与谈判)。接下来,本报告根据欧盟外交官填写的 138 份调查问卷和 17 次访谈的原始数据集,检验了三个个人特征(经验、风格和身份)。结果表明,谈判者的个人特征可以解释某些策略的使用,但不能解释所有策略的使用。具体而言,当谈判者必须以重要和明确的方式对国家做出承诺时,例如威胁/行使否决权时,个人特质就不那么重要。当不出现这种情况时(例如,代表团的立场表现出灵活性或使用说服手段),个人特征的影响反而很大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Individuals, Disaggregation of the State, and Negotiation Tactics: Evidence from the European Union
This article intends to investigate to what extent, how, and when individuals who are below the leader’s level affect the processes and outputs of international politics. It does so by analyzing one group of below-leader actors—diplomatic negotiators in EU foreign policy. It first shows how, despite all the bureaucratic layers they are embedded in, individual negotiators have de facto acquired ultimate policymaking responsibilities, most prominently in the selection of tactics. This empowerment of individual diplomats occurs through a process of double state disaggregation: Policymaking responsibilities have shifted from the political to the bureaucratic level; then, within the latter, from the capital-based administration to the officials involved, often in single capacity, in negotiations. Next, it tests three individual characteristics (experience, style, and identity) against an original dataset of 138 questionnaires completed by EU diplomats and 17 interviews. It shows that negotiators’ personal traits explain the use of some, but not all, tactics. Specifically, they are less likely to matter when negotiators have to commit the state in significant and explicit ways, e.g., when threatening/exercising veto. When this does not happen (e.g., showing flexibility in the delegation’s position or using persuasion), the influence of individual characteristics is instead strong.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
7.70%
发文量
71
期刊介绍: International Studies Quarterly, the official journal of the International Studies Association, seeks to acquaint a broad audience of readers with the best work being done in the variety of intellectual traditions included under the rubric of international studies. Therefore, the editors welcome all submissions addressing this community"s theoretical, empirical, and normative concerns. First preference will continue to be given to articles that address and contribute to important disciplinary and interdisciplinary questions and controversies.
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