Heather R Farmer, Amy D Thierry, Kyler Sherman-Wilkins, Roland J Thorpe
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Multilevel linear regression models assessed direct effects of neighborhood characteristics and psychosocial resources on cognitive functioning. We then tested whether psychosocial resources moderated the association between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean levels of cognitive functioning, sense of purpose, social support, and mastery were significantly related to neighborhood disorder and discohesion. Regression results showed that levels of neighborhood disorder and high discohesion were significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Sense of purpose was positively associated with cognitive functioning, net of neighborhood characteristics. However, only social support moderated the association between neighborhood discohesion and cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the importance of examining psychosocial and contextual risk and resilience resources among midlife and older Black adults. This work may inform the development of cognitive behavioral interventions aimed at increasing sense of purpose to promote and enhance cognitive resiliency among Black adults. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目标：现有研究表明，黑人成年人的认知功能比白人成年人差，但对黑人老年人认知功能的社会心理相关因素却研究不足。本研究旨在调查中老年黑人认知功能与感知邻里特征、社会心理弹性资源之间的关系：数据来自《健康与退休研究》（Health and Retirement Study）2008-2016 年的 3,191 名 51 岁以上的黑人成年人，旨在研究黑人成年人的邻里特征、社会心理复原力（目标感、掌握感和社会支持）和认知功能之间的关系。多层次线性回归模型评估了邻里特征和社会心理资源对认知功能的直接影响。然后，我们检验了社会心理资源是否调节了邻里特征与认知功能之间的关系：结果：认知功能、目标感、社会支持和掌握能力的平均水平与邻里失调和邻里凝聚力有显著关系。回归结果表明，邻里关系混乱和高度不团结与认知功能有很大关系。除去邻里特征，目的感与认知功能呈正相关。然而，只有社会支持调节了邻里不团结与认知功能之间的关系：这些研究结果表明，研究中老年黑人的社会心理和环境风险及复原力资源非常重要。这项工作可为制定认知行为干预措施提供信息，这些干预措施旨在增强黑人成年人的目标感，从而促进和提高他们的认知恢复能力。总之，这项工作可能会对旨在促进认知健康公平的政策产生影响。
An exploration of neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience resources, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older black adults.
Objectives: While existing research has shown that Black adults have worse cognitive functioning than their White counterparts, the psychosocial correlates of cognitive functioning for Black older adults are understudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience resources, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older Black adults.
Methods: Data were from 3,191 Black adults ages 51+ in the 2008-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to examine associations among neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience (sense of purpose, mastery, and social support), and cognitive functioning among Black adults. Multilevel linear regression models assessed direct effects of neighborhood characteristics and psychosocial resources on cognitive functioning. We then tested whether psychosocial resources moderated the association between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning.
Results: Mean levels of cognitive functioning, sense of purpose, social support, and mastery were significantly related to neighborhood disorder and discohesion. Regression results showed that levels of neighborhood disorder and high discohesion were significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Sense of purpose was positively associated with cognitive functioning, net of neighborhood characteristics. However, only social support moderated the association between neighborhood discohesion and cognition.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of examining psychosocial and contextual risk and resilience resources among midlife and older Black adults. This work may inform the development of cognitive behavioral interventions aimed at increasing sense of purpose to promote and enhance cognitive resiliency among Black adults. Altogether, this work may have implications for policy aimed at advancing cognitive health equity.
期刊介绍：
Ethnicity & Health
is an international academic journal designed to meet the world-wide interest in the health of ethnic groups. It embraces original papers from the full range of disciplines concerned with investigating the relationship between ’ethnicity’ and ’health’ (including medicine and nursing, public health, epidemiology, social sciences, population sciences, and statistics). The journal also covers issues of culture, religion, gender, class, migration, lifestyle and racism, in so far as they relate to health and its anthropological and social aspects.
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