灵活的概念表述。

IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Alyssa Truman, Marta Kutas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的十年中,一种逐渐流行的观点认为,人类的概念系统是可塑的、动态的、依赖于语境和任务的,也就是说是灵活的。在灵活的概念表征框架内,概念表征是临时构建的,每次出现时都会形成不同的、特异的实例化。在这篇综述中,我们将仔细研究神经认知文献,以更好地理解这种灵活性的本质。首先,我们确定了这些表征的一些关键特征。接下来,我们将通过解决这一框架中的一些开放性问题来探讨这些灵活表征是如何构建的:我们回顾了一个古老的问题,即如何协调灵活性与对可共享的稳定定义的明显需求,以确定意义并达成相互理解;我们还回顾了一些我们认为至关重要的新问题,即灵活表征之间关系的性质、特征显著性在激活中的作用以及全或无特征激活的可行性。我们建议用构成概念表征的信息被激活的程度和概率问题来取代关于是否存在一个必须被激活的定义性稳定核心的争论。我们根据已发表的研究成果提出:(1) 先验特征显著性很重要;(2) 特征激活可能是分级的;(3) 贝叶斯法根据当前需求更新先验信息为灵活表征的构建提供了可行的解释。这一提议提供了一种理论机制,可将不断变化的瞬间语境纳入所构建的表征中,同时仍能保留概念的某些构成意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Flexible Conceptual Representations

Flexible Conceptual Representations

A view that has been gaining prevalence over the past decade is that the human conceptual system is malleable, dynamic, context-dependent, and task-dependent, that is, flexible. Within the flexible conceptual representation framework, conceptual representations are constructed ad hoc, forming a different, idiosyncratic instantiation upon each occurrence. In this review, we scrutinize the neurocognitive literature to better understand the nature of this flexibility. First, we identify some key characteristics of these representations. Next, we consider how these flexible representations are constructed by addressing some of the open questions in this framework: We review the age-old question of how to reconcile flexibility with the apparent need for shareable stable definitions to anchor meaning and come to mutual understanding, as well as some newer questions we find critical, namely, the nature of relations among flexible representations, the role of feature saliency in activation, and the viability of all-or-none feature activations. We suggest replacing the debate about the existence of a definitional stable core that is obligatorily activated with a question of the degree and probability of activation of the information constituting a conceptual representation. We rely on published works to suggest that (1) prior featural salience matters, (2) feature activation may be graded, and (3) Bayesian updating of prior information according to current demands offers a viable account of how flexible representations are constructed. This proposal provides a theoretical mechanism for incorporating a changing momentary context into a constructed representation, while still preserving some of the concept's constituent meaning.

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来源期刊
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
139
期刊介绍: Cognitive Science publishes articles in all areas of cognitive science, covering such topics as knowledge representation, inference, memory processes, learning, problem solving, planning, perception, natural language understanding, connectionism, brain theory, motor control, intentional systems, and other areas of interdisciplinary concern. Highest priority is given to research reports that are specifically written for a multidisciplinary audience. The audience is primarily researchers in cognitive science and its associated fields, including anthropologists, education researchers, psychologists, philosophers, linguists, computer scientists, neuroscientists, and roboticists.
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