以全新视角解读前庭传出系统如何将日常平衡维持的复杂性与紧急跌倒预防策略管理联系起来。

IF 2.1 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
Neil S Longridge, Arthur I Mallinson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在哺乳动物中,两足动物是独一无二的。在现代之前,摔倒并导致腿部骨折可能是致命的。在发生不稳定事件后保持平衡需要即时做出决策。前庭系统在这一过程中起着至关重要的作用,它能启动应急反应。耳石传入神经反应是第一个到达大脑皮层的定向信息,然后可用于启动适当的保护性反应。一些前庭传出轴突直接进入 I 型前庭毛细胞。这样就可以通过纹状体(STO)实现快速的前庭反馈,而大多数文章都忽略了这一点。我们认为,这种结构在紧急预防跌倒中至关重要,而且感觉检测和由此产生的运动反应系统是通过将传出的运动信息与运动指令同时传送到黄斑来发挥作用的。这样,耳石膜就会按照计划的运动精确定位,而任何误差都是由意外的外部原因造成的。误差会通过前庭传入系统反馈回来。传出系统通过 STO 引起黄斑耳石膜运动,与启动运动指令同时发生。因此,除非必须处理错误,否则不会出现前庭传入活动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A New Perspective to Interpret How the Vestibular Efferent System Correlates the Complexity of Routine Balance Maintenance with Management of Emergency Fall Prevention Strategies.

Bipedalism is unique among mammals. Until modern times, a fall and resulting leg fracture could be fatal. Balance maintenance after a destabilizing event requires instantaneous decision making. The vestibular system plays an essential role in this process, initiating an emergency response. The afferent otolithic neural response is the first directionally oriented information to reach the cortex, and it can then be used to initiate an appropriate protective response. Some vestibular efferent axons feed directly into type I vestibular hair cells. This allows for rapid vestibular feedback via the striated organelle (STO), which has been largely ignored in most texts. We propose that this structure is essential in emergency fall prevention, and also that the system of sensory detection and resultant motor response works by having efferent movement information simultaneously transmitted to the maculae with the movement commands. This results in the otolithic membrane positioning itself precisely for the planned movement, and any error is due to an unexpected external cause. Error is fed back via the vestibular afferent system. The efferent system causes macular otolithic membrane movement through the STO, which occurs simultaneously with the initiating motor command. As a result, no vestibular afferent activity occurs unless an error must be dealt with.

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来源期刊
Audiology Research
Audiology Research AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
23.50%
发文量
56
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: The mission of Audiology Research is to publish contemporary, ethical, clinically relevant scientific researches related to the basic science and clinical aspects of the auditory and vestibular system and diseases of the ear that can be used by clinicians, scientists and specialists to improve understanding and treatment of patients with audiological and neurotological disorders.
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