首次接触足球的年龄与退役职业美式足球运动员职业后的健康状况无关。

IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1007/s40279-024-02062-9
Douglas P Terry, Rachel Grashow, Grant L Iverson, Paula Atkeson, Ran Rotem, Shawn R Eagle, Daniel H Daneshvar, Scott L Zuckerman, Ross D Zafonte, Marc G Weisskopf, Aaron Baggish
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:之前对有症状的前职业橄榄球运动员进行的小样本研究表明,较早首次接触美式橄榄球(AFE)的年龄与不良的后半生健康结果有关。本研究对更大规模、更具代表性的前美式橄榄球职业球员样本进行了调查,以评估 12 岁前首次接触美式橄榄球(AFE 方法)与健康之间的关系:结果:在 4189 名前职业美式橄榄球运动员中,有 4189 人在 12 岁前参加过美式橄榄球运动:在 4189 名前职业美式足球运动员(年龄为 52 ± 14 岁,39% 自称为黑人)中,AFE 2 = 0.001 与焦虑相关症状(p = 0.02;η2 = 0.001)之间存在单变量关联,其效应大小可忽略不计。调整年龄、种族、体重指数、比赛位置、职业赛季数和过去脑震荡负担的多变量模型显示,AFE 结论之间没有显著关系:在一个庞大的前美式橄榄球职业球员队列中,AFE 与不良的晚年生活结果并无独立关联。这些研究结果与针对前职业橄榄球运动员的小型研究结果不一致。对职业足球运动员进行AFE检查的研究对青少年体育政策影响的实用性和普遍性可能有限。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Age of First Exposure Does Not Relate to Post-Career Health in Former Professional American-Style Football Players.

Age of First Exposure Does Not Relate to Post-Career Health in Former Professional American-Style Football Players.

Objective: Prior studies examining small samples of symptomatic former professional football players suggest that earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to American football is associated with adverse later life health outcomes. This study examined a larger, more representative sample of former professional American football players to assess associations between AFE before age 12 (AFE < 12) and clinical outcomes compared with those who started at age 12 or older (AFE 12 +).

Methods: Former professional American football players who completed a questionnaire were dichotomized into AFE < 12 and AFE 12 + . AFE groups were compared on outcomes including symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived cognitive difficulties, neurobehavioral dysregulation, and self-reported health conditions (e.g., headaches, sleep apnea, hypertension, chronic pain, memory loss, dementia/Alzheimer's disease, and others).

Results: Among 4189 former professional football players (aged 52 ± 14 years, 39% self-reported as Black), univariable associations with negligible effect sizes were seen with AFE < 12, depressive symptoms (p = 0.03; η2 = 0.001), and anxiety-related symptoms (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.001) only. Multivariable models adjusting for age, race, body mass index, playing position, number of professional seasons, and past concussion burden revealed no significant relationships between AFE < 12 and any outcome. Linear and non-linear models examining AFE as a continuous variable showed similar null results.

Conclusions: In a large cohort of former professional American-style football players, AFE was not independently associated with adverse later life outcomes. These findings are inconsistent with smaller studies of former professional football players. Studies examining AFE in professional football players may have limited utility and generalizability regarding policy implications for youth sports.

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来源期刊
Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine 医学-运动科学
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
5.10%
发文量
165
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Sports Medicine focuses on providing definitive and comprehensive review articles that interpret and evaluate current literature, aiming to offer insights into research findings in the sports medicine and exercise field. The journal covers major topics such as sports medicine and sports science, medical syndromes associated with sport and exercise, clinical medicine's role in injury prevention and treatment, exercise for rehabilitation and health, and the application of physiological and biomechanical principles to specific sports. Types of Articles: Review Articles: Definitive and comprehensive reviews that interpret and evaluate current literature to provide rationale for and application of research findings. Leading/Current Opinion Articles: Overviews of contentious or emerging issues in the field. Original Research Articles: High-quality research articles. Enhanced Features: Additional features like slide sets, videos, and animations aimed at increasing the visibility, readership, and educational value of the journal's content. Plain Language Summaries: Summaries accompanying articles to assist readers in understanding important medical advances. Peer Review Process: All manuscripts undergo peer review by international experts to ensure quality and rigor. The journal also welcomes Letters to the Editor, which will be considered for publication.
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