Markel Rico-González, Luca Paolo Ardigò, Ana P Ramírez-Arroyo, Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
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Indicators of undernutrition (stunting, wasting) were negatively associated with motor development, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutrition. While some studies reported impaired fitness and motor skills among overweight/obese preschoolers compared to normal-weight peers, others found no differences based on weight status. Relationships between physical activity levels, anthropometrics, and motor outcomes were complex and inconsistent across studies. This review highlights key findings regarding the influence of anthropometric factors on physical capabilities in early childhood. Early identification of children with impaired growth or excessive adiposity may inform tailored interventions to promote optimal motor development and prevent issues like obesity. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
幼儿期是身体和运动发育的关键时期,对长期健康有影响。本系统综述研究了学龄前儿童(通常为 2-6 岁)的人体测量特征与体能和运动技能测量之间的关系。检索策略应用于四个数据库(PubMed、ProQuest Central、Scopus 和 Web of Science),以查找 2024 年 4 月 11 日之前发表的文章。结果一致表明,人体测量变量(身高、体重、体质指数 [BMI]、身体成分)与体能表现指标之间存在明显关联。值得注意的是,身高和体重往往比单纯的体重指数更能预测体能状况。营养不良指标(发育迟缓、消瘦)与运动发育呈负相关,这强调了充足营养的重要性。一些研究报告称,与体重正常的同龄人相比,超重/肥胖学龄前儿童的体能和运动技能会受到影响,而其他研究则发现体重状况并无差异。体育锻炼水平、人体测量和运动结果之间的关系很复杂,不同研究之间也不一致。本综述强调了有关人体测量因素对幼儿期体能影响的主要研究结果。及早发现生长发育受阻或过度肥胖的儿童,可为有针对性的干预措施提供信息,以促进最佳运动发育并预防肥胖等问题。在这一关键的发育窗口期,为健康成长和适龄体育活动机会创造有利环境至关重要。
Anthropometric Influence on Preschool Children's Physical Fitness and Motor Skills: A Systematic Review.
Early childhood is a critical period for physical and motor development with implications for long-term health. This systematic review examined the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and measures of physical fitness and motor skills in preschool-aged children (typically 2-6 years). The search strategy was applied in four databases (PubMed, ProQuest Central, Scopus, and Web of Science) to find articles published before 11 April 2024. The results consistently demonstrated significant associations between anthropometric variables (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], body composition) and physical performance measures. Notably, height and mass were often better predictors of fitness status than BMI alone. Indicators of undernutrition (stunting, wasting) were negatively associated with motor development, emphasizing the importance of adequate nutrition. While some studies reported impaired fitness and motor skills among overweight/obese preschoolers compared to normal-weight peers, others found no differences based on weight status. Relationships between physical activity levels, anthropometrics, and motor outcomes were complex and inconsistent across studies. This review highlights key findings regarding the influence of anthropometric factors on physical capabilities in early childhood. Early identification of children with impaired growth or excessive adiposity may inform tailored interventions to promote optimal motor development and prevent issues like obesity. Creating supportive environments for healthy growth and age-appropriate physical activity opportunities is crucial during this critical developmental window.