实现千兆吨级二氧化碳电解过程中的材料挑战

IF 79.8 1区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Blanca Belsa, Lu Xia, Viktoria Golovanova, Bárbara Polesso, Adrián Pinilla-Sánchez, Lara San Martín, Jiaye Ye, Cao-Thang Dinh, F. Pelayo García de Arquer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

二氧化碳电还原(CO2E)是实现脱碳的一项前景广阔的战略,它为利用可再生能源和废弃二氧化碳(而不是化石燃料)生产广泛使用的化学品(如燃料或制造原料)提供了一条途径。实验室规模的 CO2E 性能进展迅速,包括正在进行的放大和工业化努力。要解决全球二氧化碳排放问题(每年约 370 亿吨),二氧化碳电解槽和组件以及上下游相关技术必须达到千兆瓦级规模。这将带来性能以外的巨大挑战,如资源可用性、部署可读性和报废系统管理,而这些问题目前都被忽视了。在本综述中,我们分析了随着 CO2E 部署接近千兆瓦级,即将面临的资源挑战,并考虑了以相关材料及其相应的全球变暖影响为重点的生命周期评估。我们发现了与膜、电极支架和阳极材料等有关的可扩展性瓶颈,并讨论了对更稳定的碳效率系统和材料回收战略的需求。最后,我们提出了合理设计材料的潜在方法,以实现千兆吨级的可持续二氧化碳捕获和电解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Materials challenges on the path to gigatonne CO2 electrolysis

Materials challenges on the path to gigatonne CO2 electrolysis

Materials challenges on the path to gigatonne CO2 electrolysis
CO2 electroreduction (CO2E) is one promising strategy towards decarbonization, offering a path to produce widely used chemicals such as fuels or manufacturing feedstocks using renewable energy and waste CO2 (as opposed to fossil fuels). CO2E performance at the laboratory scale is advancing quickly, including ongoing scale-up and industrialization efforts. To address global CO2 emissions (~37 Gt per year), CO2 electrolysers and components, as well as upstream and downstream associated technologies, must be deployed at the gigawatt scale. This entails considerable challenges beyond performance, such as resource availability, deployment readability and end-of-life system management, which are today overlooked. In this Review, we analyse the impending resource challenges as CO2E deployment approaches gigatonne scale, considering a life cycle assessment focused on the associated materials and their corresponding global warming impact. We identify scalability bottlenecks related to membranes, electrode supports and anode materials, among others, and discuss the need for more stable carbon-efficient systems and materials recycling strategies. We conclude with potential approaches to rationally design materials towards sustainable CO2 capture and electrolysis at the gigatonne scale. CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range. In this Review, the authors analyse challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks to enable the sustainable deployment of CO2 electroreduction.
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Materials
Nature Reviews Materials Materials Science-Biomaterials
CiteScore
119.40
自引率
0.40%
发文量
107
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Materials is an online-only journal that is published weekly. It covers a wide range of scientific disciplines within materials science. The journal includes Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. Nature Reviews Materials focuses on various aspects of materials science, including the making, measuring, modelling, and manufacturing of materials. It examines the entire process of materials science, from laboratory discovery to the development of functional devices.
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