2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate Mesh Dressings for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Dressing Design Influences Risks of Wound Complications.

Background: Recent liquid adhesive skin closure systems with a mesh patch and a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate liquid formula have shown promising results in total joint arthroplasty. Chemical accelerators are typically included to promote the rapid polymerization of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The goal of the study is to distinguish designs and wound complication differences between 2 similar systems.

Methods: An 18-week retrospective study was conducted from July to December 2023, including 207 total hip arthroplasty and 212 total knee arthroplasty cases from 4 attending surgeons at 1 institution that used 1 of 2 dressing designs. Both dressings had a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate liquid adhesive formula that applied topically to a polyester-based mesh overlaying the wound. Mesh A (used in 274 cases) included an accelerator, a quaternary ammonium salt, on the mesh patch, whereas Mesh B (used in 145 cases) included a similar accelerator within the adhesive applicator.

Results: Wound complications (3.2 versus 7.6%; X² = 3.86; df = 1; P = .049), early periprosthetic joint infections (0 versus 2.8%; X² = 7.63; df = 1; P = .006), and 90-day reoperations for wound complications (0.4 versus 3.4%; X² = 6.39; df = 1; P = .011) were significantly lower in patients who received Mesh A versus B, respectively. There was no difference in superficial surgical site infections (0.7 versus 0%; X² = 1.06; df = 1; P = .302) or allergy rates (3.3 versus 4.1%; X² = 0.12; df = 1; P = .655) between Mesh A and B.

Conclusions: We observed significantly different performance in wound complications, early postoperative periprosthetic joint infections, and 90-day reoperation between the 2 designs. Having the accelerator in the applicator rather than on the mesh patch may lead to premature polymerization before bonding appropriately with the mesh to create the desired wound closure and seal.

Level of evidence: Level III.