Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in a captive white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) in Finland

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a zoonotic pathogen that causes infections in several animal species, including erysipelas in swine, lambs and turkeys. In October 2022, a captive, 1-year-old white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), kept in a herd of five peccaries in a zoo in Finland, suddenly developed signs of inappetence and reluctance to move. Despite treatment, the peccary was found dead. At necropsy, the main gross finding was severe acute segmental necrotizing enteritis. Several other organs had lesions compatible with acute septicaemia, including petechiae and ecchymoses. Histopathology of the intestine revealed severe acute multifocal necrotizing enteritis with neutrophilic vasculitis, vascular fibrinoid microthrombi and myriad clusters of densely packed, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria on the tips of the intestinal villi. Bacterial culture was identified as E. rhusiopathiae by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a naturally occurring E. rhusiopathiae infection in a captive white-lipped peccary. Our findings suggest that regular vaccination of captive white-lipped peccaries should be taken into consideration in preventing infections due to E. rhusiopathiae.