Unlocking the potential: laser surface modifications for titanium dental implants.

The review critically evaluates the current state of studies investigating laser irradiation for modifying titanium surfaces to enhance the biointegration of dental implants. Laser modification is a rapidly evolving physicochemical surface modification process with the potential to revolutionize dental implant technology. A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and Web of Knowledge, was conducted to identify relevant articles. The review focuses on the surface features of laser-modified implants, encompassing in vitro cell culture experiments, rare animal experiments, and limited clinical trials. Of the 26 selected sources, 21 describe surface features, while only two involve in vivo human experiments. The review highlights the lack of long-term clinical experience and calls for further research to mature these technologies. Despite the absence of a consensus on optimal laser types and settings, the overall results are promising, with few negative outcomes. As research in laser irradiation of titanium surfaces progresses, significant advancements in dental implant technology and improved patient well-being are anticipated.