Effects of melatonin on disease improvement and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH), an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial cells, is considered as one of the most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Previous studies have reported that melatonin plays a fundamental role in disease treatment. This study aimed the comparison of the effects of progesterone, as the most common therapeutic approach, and melatonin with progesterone alone in improvement of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH) and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Methods: Study population consisted of 40 patients with NEH. Patients were divided into two groups, including 20 subjects treated with melatonin and progesterone and 20 individuals treated with progesterone alone. The blood and endometrial sampling was performed from participants before and after a three-month treatment. The histological examination was microscopically done. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA.

Results: There was no significant difference in the diabetes status and mean age between patients treated with progesterone and melatonin and those treated with progesterone alone. The improvement rate in the EH was significantly higher in individuals treated with progesterone and melatonin than those treated with progesterone alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, the patients treated with progesterone and melatonin showed significant increases inIFN-γ and TNF-αlevels compared to the control group (p < 0.001-P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Melatonin supplementation has a beneficial effect in the treatment of EH due perhaps to enhance the level of IFN-γ and TNF-α.