利用 XRF 光谱调查烧焦骨骼中的枪伤:技术说明。

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL
International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI:10.1007/s00414-024-03274-4
Letizia Bonizzoni, Debora Mazzarelli, Lorenzo Franceschetti, Chiara Vitali, Alberto Amadasi, Cristina Cattaneo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在烧焦的遗骸中,由于改变和破碎程度较高,因此很难对伤害痕迹进行分析。本研究的目的是探索使用 X 射线荧光(XRF)技术作为筛选工具,检测和分析火化和高度破碎材料上的枪击残留物(GSR),因为这种技术可以快速进行定性调查,而无需改变样本或进行样本制备。这项研究分两步进行:首先,在已完成骨骼化的骨头上验证枪弹残留物是否能在燃烧后存活下来;其次,我们考虑了一种更现实的情况,即在枪击前存在软组织。为此,我们使用两种类型的 9 毫米子弹(带护套和不带护套子弹)对九根成年牛肋骨进行了射击测试,其中四根保留了软组织,五根完全骨化。然后在电炉中将肋骨烧至完全煅烧。使用 XRF 分析了每根肋骨的入口伤口,发现了 GSR 的痕迹。XRF 分析表明,除一个样本外,所有样本的伤口附近都含有铅和/或锑。此外,被无护套子弹击中的样本在宏观黄色区域的铅含量更为显著,当远离枪击部位时,铅含量依然存在。这些发现为 XRF 技术的使用铺平了道路,尤其是在必须采用保守方法对骨质材料进行快速即时扫描时。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Investigating gunshot wounds in charred bone with XRF spectroscopy: a technical note.

Investigating gunshot wounds in charred bone with XRF spectroscopy: a technical note.

The analysis of traces of injuries can be difficult in cases of charred human remains since the alteration and fragmentation are high. The aim of this study is to explore the use of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique as a screening tool for detecting and analyzing gunshot residues (GSR) on cremated and highly fragmented materials, as it is a technique that allows for fast qualitative investigations without altering the sample or requiring sample preparation. The study was carried out on two steps: firstly, on completed skeletonized bones to verify if GSR survive to burning; secondly, we considered a more realistic situation, in which soft tissues were present before the shooting. To this aim, nine adult bovine ribs, four retaining soft tissue, five completely skeletonized, were subjected to a shooting test using two types of 9 mm projectiles (jacketed and unjacketed bullets). The ribs were then burnt until complete calcination in an electric furnace. The entry wound of each rib was analyzed using XRF, revealing traces of GSR. The XRF analysis showed that all samples, except for one, contain Pb and/or Sb near the lesion. Furthermore, the samples hit by unjacketed bullets had a more significant presence of Pb in macroscopic yellow areas, which persisted when moving away from the gunshot. These findings could pave the way for the use of XRF technology, mostly when a fast and immediate scan must be done on osteologic materials by a conservative method.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
165
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Legal Medicine aims to improve the scientific resources used in the elucidation of crime and related forensic applications at a high level of evidential proof. The journal offers review articles tracing development in specific areas, with up-to-date analysis; original articles discussing significant recent research results; case reports describing interesting and exceptional examples; population data; letters to the editors; and technical notes, which appear in a section originally created for rapid publication of data in the dynamic field of DNA analysis.
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