在非热等离子反应堆中整合材料:挑战与机遇

IF 14 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Victor Rosa, Fabio Cameli, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Kevin M. Van Geem
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引用次数: 0

摘要

电力驱动的化学过程在减少加工工业的二氧化碳足迹方面发挥着至关重要的作用。非热等离子体(NTP)在没有热平衡的情况下,通过电子机制激活分子,为化学工业电气化带来巨大潜力。然而,由于非热等离子体一般无法将能量导向特定的化学途径,限制了其作为一种选择性和可扩展技术的有效性,从而阻碍了非热等离子体的广泛应用。因此,人们越来越多地考虑将 NTP 与催化材料集成到单个反应器组件中,以克服这一限制。最近,出现了两种多功能等离子体概念,并在小规模上进行了演示。第一个概念是等离子体内催化(IPC),固体催化剂直接暴露在等离子体放电中。第二个概念是等离子体后催化(PPC),涉及等离子体活化后的传统异相催化步骤。另一种方案是探索将非催化材料与等离子体相结合,通过等离子体内或等离子体后的采用,利用其与分子的独特理化亲和性来提高选择性(如膜和吸附剂)。尽管存在这些可能性,但由于对等离子体与表面吸附/渗透物种之间的相互作用了解有限,再加上与放电相关的催化剂和材料失活,设计选择往往局限于等离子体后催化。为了发挥协同作用,必须采用高能效的 NTP 技术。在这种情况下,纳秒脉冲放电(NPD,也称为纳秒重复脉冲放电,NRP)因其同时激活电子和热通道而成为潜在的颠覆性解决方案。这将带来高能效,促进 C-C、C-O 和 N-N 键的裂解等应用,并为等离子体后材料的热集成提供足够高的温度。这种整合可根据 NPD 产品分布进行定制,与 NTP 独有的传统材料形成协同效应,并提高整体工艺吞吐量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Integrating Materials in Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors: Challenges and Opportunities

Integrating Materials in Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors: Challenges and Opportunities
Electricity-driven chemical processes play a crucial role in mitigating the CO2 footprint of the process industry. Non-thermal plasmas (NTP) hold significant potential for electrifying the chemical industry by activating molecules through electron-based mechanisms in the absence of thermal equilibrium. However, the broad application of NTPs is hampered by their general inability to direct energy toward a specific chemical pathway, limiting their effectiveness as a selective and scalable technology. Therefore, the integration of NTPs with catalytic materials in a single reactor assembly is being considered more and more to overcome this limitation. Recently, two multifunctional plasma concepts have emerged, demonstrated at small scales. The first concept is in-plasma catalysis (IPC), where a solid catalyst is directly exposed to the plasma discharge. The second concept is post-plasma catalysis (PPC), involving a conventional heterogeneous catalytic step following the plasma activation. Another option explores the combination of non-catalytic materials with plasma, leveraging their distinct physiochemical affinities with molecules for improved selectivity (e.g., membranes and adsorbents), through either in-plasma or post-plasma adoption. Despite these possibilities, the limited understanding of interactions between plasma and surface-adsorbed/permeated species, coupled with discharge-related catalysts and material deactivation, often restricts the design choice to post-plasma catalysis. To harness synergies, energy-efficient NTP technologies are essential. In this context, nanosecond-pulsed discharges (NPDs, also known as nanosecond repetitively pulsed, NRP) emerge as potentially disruptive solutions due to their activation of both electronic and thermal channels. This results in high energy efficiency, facilitating applications such as cleavage of C–C, C–O, and N–N bonds and providing sufficiently high temperatures for thermal integration with post-plasma materials. This integration can be tailored to the NPD product distribution, creating a synergy with conventional materials unique to NTPs and enhancing the overall process throughput.
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CiteScore
17.70
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