Samantha L. Plas , Cecily R. Oleksiak , Claire Pitre , Chance Melton , Justin M. Moscarello , Stephen Maren
{"title":"急性应激对大鼠主动回避信号的促进作用与性别有关","authors":"Samantha L. Plas , Cecily R. Oleksiak , Claire Pitre , Chance Melton , Justin M. Moscarello , Stephen Maren","doi":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100656","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive fear, hypervigilance, and avoidance of thoughts, situations or reminders of the trauma. Among these symptoms, relatively little is known about the etiology of pathological avoidance. Here we sought to determine whether acute stress influences avoidant behavior in adult male and female rats. We used a stress procedure (unsignaled footshock) that is known to induce long-term sensitization of fear and potentiate aversive learning. Rats were submitted to the stress procedure and, one week later, underwent two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (SAA). In this task, rats learn to prevent an aversive outcome (shock) by performing a shuttling response when exposed to a warning signal (tone). We found that acute stress significantly enhanced SAA acquisition rate in females, but not males. Female rats exhibited significantly greater avoidance responding on the first day of training relative to controls, reaching similar levels of performance by the second day. Males that underwent the stress procedure showed similar rates of acquisition to controls but exhibited resistance to extinction. This was manifest as both elevated avoidance and intertrial responding across extinction days relative to non-stressed controls, an effect that was not observed in females. In a second experiment, acute stress sensitized footshock unconditioned responses in males, not females. However, males and females exhibited similar levels of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), which was expressed as sensitized freezing to a shock-paired context. Together, these results reveal that acute stress facilitates SAA performance in both male and female rats, though the nature of this effect is different in the two sexes. We did not observe sex differences in SEFL, suggesting that the stress-induced sex difference in performance was selective for instrumental avoidance. Future work will elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differential effect of stress on instrumental avoidance in male and female rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19125,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Stress","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000523/pdfft?md5=783b8d2f46ff94903921f0240c91287e&pid=1-s2.0-S2352289524000523-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats\",\"authors\":\"Samantha L. Plas , Cecily R. Oleksiak , Claire Pitre , Chance Melton , Justin M. Moscarello , Stephen Maren\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100656\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive fear, hypervigilance, and avoidance of thoughts, situations or reminders of the trauma. Among these symptoms, relatively little is known about the etiology of pathological avoidance. Here we sought to determine whether acute stress influences avoidant behavior in adult male and female rats. We used a stress procedure (unsignaled footshock) that is known to induce long-term sensitization of fear and potentiate aversive learning. Rats were submitted to the stress procedure and, one week later, underwent two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (SAA). In this task, rats learn to prevent an aversive outcome (shock) by performing a shuttling response when exposed to a warning signal (tone). We found that acute stress significantly enhanced SAA acquisition rate in females, but not males. Female rats exhibited significantly greater avoidance responding on the first day of training relative to controls, reaching similar levels of performance by the second day. Males that underwent the stress procedure showed similar rates of acquisition to controls but exhibited resistance to extinction. This was manifest as both elevated avoidance and intertrial responding across extinction days relative to non-stressed controls, an effect that was not observed in females. In a second experiment, acute stress sensitized footshock unconditioned responses in males, not females. However, males and females exhibited similar levels of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), which was expressed as sensitized freezing to a shock-paired context. Together, these results reveal that acute stress facilitates SAA performance in both male and female rats, though the nature of this effect is different in the two sexes. We did not observe sex differences in SEFL, suggesting that the stress-induced sex difference in performance was selective for instrumental avoidance. Future work will elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differential effect of stress on instrumental avoidance in male and female rats.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19125,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Neurobiology of Stress\",\"volume\":\"31 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100656\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000523/pdfft?md5=783b8d2f46ff94903921f0240c91287e&pid=1-s2.0-S2352289524000523-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Neurobiology of Stress\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000523\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neurobiology of Stress","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000523","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种使人衰弱的疾病,其特征是过度恐惧、过度警惕和回避有关创伤的想法、情况或回忆。在这些症状中,人们对病理性回避的病因知之甚少。在这里,我们试图确定急性应激是否会影响成年雄性和雌性大鼠的回避行为。我们使用了一种应激程序(无信号脚震),众所周知,这种程序会诱导恐惧的长期敏感化并增强厌恶学习。大鼠在接受应激程序一周后,会接受双向信号主动回避条件反射(SAA)。在这项任务中,大鼠要学会在受到警告信号(音调)时做出穿梭反应,以防止出现厌恶结果(电击)。我们发现,急性应激会显著提高雌性大鼠的 SAA 习得率,而雄性大鼠则不会。与对照组相比,雌性大鼠在训练的第一天表现出明显更强的回避反应,到第二天则达到了相似的水平。接受压力训练的雄性大鼠表现出与对照组相似的习得率,但对消退表现出抵抗力。这表现为相对于未受应激反应的对照组,在整个消减天数内回避和试验间反应都有所提高,而在雌性动物身上却没有观察到这种效应。在第二个实验中,急性应激使雄性动物的脚震无条件反应变得敏感,而非雌性动物。然而,雄性和雌性表现出相似水平的应激增强恐惧学习(SEFL),这种学习表现为对冲击配对情境的敏感冻结。总之,这些结果表明,急性应激会促进雄性和雌性大鼠的SAA表现,但这种效应的性质在雌雄大鼠中有所不同。我们没有观察到SEFL的性别差异,这表明应激引起的性别差异对工具回避具有选择性。未来的工作将阐明压力对雌雄大鼠工具性回避产生不同影响的神经生物学机制。
Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive fear, hypervigilance, and avoidance of thoughts, situations or reminders of the trauma. Among these symptoms, relatively little is known about the etiology of pathological avoidance. Here we sought to determine whether acute stress influences avoidant behavior in adult male and female rats. We used a stress procedure (unsignaled footshock) that is known to induce long-term sensitization of fear and potentiate aversive learning. Rats were submitted to the stress procedure and, one week later, underwent two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (SAA). In this task, rats learn to prevent an aversive outcome (shock) by performing a shuttling response when exposed to a warning signal (tone). We found that acute stress significantly enhanced SAA acquisition rate in females, but not males. Female rats exhibited significantly greater avoidance responding on the first day of training relative to controls, reaching similar levels of performance by the second day. Males that underwent the stress procedure showed similar rates of acquisition to controls but exhibited resistance to extinction. This was manifest as both elevated avoidance and intertrial responding across extinction days relative to non-stressed controls, an effect that was not observed in females. In a second experiment, acute stress sensitized footshock unconditioned responses in males, not females. However, males and females exhibited similar levels of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), which was expressed as sensitized freezing to a shock-paired context. Together, these results reveal that acute stress facilitates SAA performance in both male and female rats, though the nature of this effect is different in the two sexes. We did not observe sex differences in SEFL, suggesting that the stress-induced sex difference in performance was selective for instrumental avoidance. Future work will elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differential effect of stress on instrumental avoidance in male and female rats.
期刊介绍:
Neurobiology of Stress is a multidisciplinary journal for the publication of original research and review articles on basic, translational and clinical research into stress and related disorders. It will focus on the impact of stress on the brain from cellular to behavioral functions and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression, trauma and anxiety). The translation of basic research findings into real-world applications will be a key aim of the journal.
Basic, translational and clinical research on the following topics as they relate to stress will be covered:
Molecular substrates and cell signaling,
Genetics and epigenetics,
Stress circuitry,
Structural and physiological plasticity,
Developmental Aspects,
Laboratory models of stress,
Neuroinflammation and pathology,
Memory and Cognition,
Motivational Processes,
Fear and Anxiety,
Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (including depression, PTSD, substance abuse),
Neuropsychopharmacology.