Application and prospects of spatial information technology in CO2 sequestration monitoring

This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO₂ sequestration monitoring, analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO₂ sequestration monitoring, and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO₂ sequestration monitoring. Currently, the spatial information technologies applied in CO₂ sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories: eddy covariance method, remote sensing technology, geographic information system, Internet of Things technology, and global navigation satellite system. These technologies are involved in three aspects: monitoring data acquisition, positioning and data transmission, and data management and decision support. Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO₂ sequestration monitoring include: selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes, different platforms, and different monitoring sites; establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data; and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies. In the future, it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes, develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies, integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies, and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.