回顾法医考古学和人类学对灾难受害者身份鉴定过程的贡献。

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Ian Hanson PhD, James Fenn MA, MSc
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引用次数: 0

摘要

过去几十年来,法医考古学和人类学得到了长足的发展,如今已为灾民恢复和身份鉴定的调查过程提供了相当大的帮助。在通常混乱的死亡和犯罪现场,利用考古方法的正式程序可以带来控制和秩序,并确保系统的搜索。程序有助于确定现场范围、找到受害者和证据、排除需要考虑的区域,并通过专门使用标准表格(pro formas)提供标准化记录和质量保证。考古学和人类学相结合的搜索方法可通过辨认遗骸、绘制分布图和说明现场遇难者情况,最大限度地寻找失踪人员。人类学方面的协助检查有助于进行个体评估、解决混杂和支离破碎的问题,并利用 DNA 采样方法和比对数据重新确定失踪人员的身份和下落。考古学、人类学和 DNA 比对数据的利用为审查犯罪现场恢复情况、确定进一步调查和检索的要求和潜力提供了空间。针对特定情况采用最合适的方法可以最大限度地提高复原、效率和资源利用率。案例研究展示了考古方法在各种情况下的实用性。这些案例说明了多学科分析在提供事件发生顺序、事件发生时间、陶化过程的影响、受害者的位置和统计以及系统性现场搜索的证据方面所取得的成功。本文利用考古学和人类学过程提供的考虑因素可帮助调查人员规划和实施大规模死亡事件的应对措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A review of the contributions of forensic archaeology and anthropology to the process of disaster victim identification

Forensic archaeology and anthropology have developed significantly over past decades and now provide considerable assistance to the investigation process of disaster victim recovery and identification. In what are often chaotic death and crime scenes, the formal process of utilizing archaeological methods can bring control, order, and ensure systematic search. Procedures assist in defining scene extent, locating victims and evidence, rule out areas for consideration, and provide standardized recording and quality assurance through dedicated use of standardized forms (pro formas). Combined archaeological and anthropological search methods maximize opportunities to recovery the missing through identifying remains, mapping distributions, and providing accounting of victims at the scene. Anthropological assistance in examinations contributes to individual assessment, resolving commingling and fragmentation issues, and utilizing DNA sampling methods and matching data to reassociate and account for the missing. Utilization of archaeology, anthropology, and DNA matching data provides scope to review crime scene recovery and determine requirements and potential for further survey and retrieval. Adopting the most suitable methods for a particular context can maximize recovery, efficiency, and resource use. Case studies demonstrate the utility of archaeological methods in a range of scenarios. They exemplify the success of multidisciplinary analysis in providing evidence of the sequence of events, the timing of events, the impact of taphonomic processes, the location and accounting of victims, and the demonstration of systematic scene search. The considerations provided in this article, utilizing archaeology and anthropology processes, may assist investigators in planning and implementing responses to mass fatalities.

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来源期刊
Journal of forensic sciences
Journal of forensic sciences 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
215
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Forensic Sciences (JFS) is the official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). It is devoted to the publication of original investigations, observations, scholarly inquiries and reviews in various branches of the forensic sciences. These include anthropology, criminalistics, digital and multimedia sciences, engineering and applied sciences, pathology/biology, psychiatry and behavioral science, jurisprudence, odontology, questioned documents, and toxicology. Similar submissions dealing with forensic aspects of other sciences and the social sciences are also accepted, as are submissions dealing with scientifically sound emerging science disciplines. The content and/or views expressed in the JFS are not necessarily those of the AAFS, the JFS Editorial Board, the organizations with which authors are affiliated, or the publisher of JFS. All manuscript submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed.
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