{"title":"铁人三项运动员室内和室外场地自行车测试的差异与训练环境历史和体重指数有关：分析和预测公式。","authors":"Tomasz Kowalski, Dorota Sadowska, Szczepan Wiecha","doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15921-X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients underwent cyclists and triathletes test, train, and race both indoors and outdoors. However, the differences between indoor and outdoor performance remain understudied. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor performance in cycling. We investigated the influence of training environment history (indoor vs. outdoor) and application of e-sport platform on the aforementioned relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three well-trained triathletes performed indoor and outdoor field tests to establish maximum sprint power (MSP) and functional threshold power (FTP). The main effects for FTP and MSP were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA to analyze the differences between power output obtained indoors and outdoors. Multiple covariates, including training environment history and application of ZWIFT e-sport platform, were applied. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate outdoor FTP prediction based on indoor testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found for MSP and FTP obtained indoors and outdoors. However, the high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor power output (PO) in triathletes was observed. There was a statistically significant interaction between FTP and training environment history (P<0.001 for FTP expressed in W*kg<sup>-1</sup> and W) and FTP and BMI (P=0.042 and P=0.034 for FTP expressed in W*kg<sup>-1</sup> and W, respectively). The prediction formulas to establish outdoor FTP based on indoor testing had high accuracy (R2 0.80 and 0.68 for full and simple model, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underlines the crucial role of the appropriate testing environment, corresponding to the training environment and racing demands. A high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor PO at FTP are associated with training environment history and BMI. No such interactions were found for MSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":17013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Differences between indoor and outdoor field cycling tests in triathletes are associated with training environment history and BMI: analysis and prediction formula.\",\"authors\":\"Tomasz Kowalski, Dorota Sadowska, Szczepan Wiecha\",\"doi\":\"10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15921-X\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients underwent cyclists and triathletes test, train, and race both indoors and outdoors. However, the differences between indoor and outdoor performance remain understudied. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor performance in cycling. We investigated the influence of training environment history (indoor vs. outdoor) and application of e-sport platform on the aforementioned relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three well-trained triathletes performed indoor and outdoor field tests to establish maximum sprint power (MSP) and functional threshold power (FTP). The main effects for FTP and MSP were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA to analyze the differences between power output obtained indoors and outdoors. Multiple covariates, including training environment history and application of ZWIFT e-sport platform, were applied. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate outdoor FTP prediction based on indoor testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found for MSP and FTP obtained indoors and outdoors. However, the high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor power output (PO) in triathletes was observed. There was a statistically significant interaction between FTP and training environment history (P<0.001 for FTP expressed in W*kg<sup>-1</sup> and W) and FTP and BMI (P=0.042 and P=0.034 for FTP expressed in W*kg<sup>-1</sup> and W, respectively). The prediction formulas to establish outdoor FTP based on indoor testing had high accuracy (R2 0.80 and 0.68 for full and simple model, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underlines the crucial role of the appropriate testing environment, corresponding to the training environment and racing demands. A high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor PO at FTP are associated with training environment history and BMI. No such interactions were found for MSP.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17013,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15921-X\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/6/18 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15921-X","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Differences between indoor and outdoor field cycling tests in triathletes are associated with training environment history and BMI: analysis and prediction formula.
Background: Patients underwent cyclists and triathletes test, train, and race both indoors and outdoors. However, the differences between indoor and outdoor performance remain understudied. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor performance in cycling. We investigated the influence of training environment history (indoor vs. outdoor) and application of e-sport platform on the aforementioned relationship.
Methods: Forty-three well-trained triathletes performed indoor and outdoor field tests to establish maximum sprint power (MSP) and functional threshold power (FTP). The main effects for FTP and MSP were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA to analyze the differences between power output obtained indoors and outdoors. Multiple covariates, including training environment history and application of ZWIFT e-sport platform, were applied. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate outdoor FTP prediction based on indoor testing.
Results: No significant differences were found for MSP and FTP obtained indoors and outdoors. However, the high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor power output (PO) in triathletes was observed. There was a statistically significant interaction between FTP and training environment history (P<0.001 for FTP expressed in W*kg-1 and W) and FTP and BMI (P=0.042 and P=0.034 for FTP expressed in W*kg-1 and W, respectively). The prediction formulas to establish outdoor FTP based on indoor testing had high accuracy (R2 0.80 and 0.68 for full and simple model, respectively).
Conclusions: The study underlines the crucial role of the appropriate testing environment, corresponding to the training environment and racing demands. A high individual variability in the disparity between indoor and outdoor PO at FTP are associated with training environment history and BMI. No such interactions were found for MSP.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness publishes scientific papers relating to the area of the applied physiology, preventive medicine, sports medicine and traumatology, sports psychology. Manuscripts may be submitted in the form of editorials, original articles, review articles, case reports, special articles, letters to the Editor and guidelines.
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