Julieta Peluso, Agostina Martínez Chehda, Melisa S. Olivelli, Carolina M. Aronzon
{"title":"新出现的污染物伊维菌素对赤潮犀的生态毒理学影响:活性成分与商业制剂的比较研究。","authors":"Julieta Peluso, Agostina Martínez Chehda, Melisa S. Olivelli, Carolina M. Aronzon","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109965","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum veterinary antiparasitic used worldwide in cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lethal effects of the active ingredient and a commercial formulation of IVM (1 % active ingredient) in the embryonic stage (S. 4–6) and larval stage (S. 25) of the South American amphibian <em>Rhinella arenarum</em> through chronic standardized bioassays. Also, behavior analysis and oxidative stress and cholinergic effects biomarkers were analyzed at 1, 10 and 100 μg IVM/L concentrations. For the embryonic stage, the active ingredient (96 h- LC<sub>50</sub>: 15900 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 51230 μg/L) during the acute period, while at chronic exposure the commercial formulation was more toxic (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 10.25 μg/L), compared to the active ingredient (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 312.80 μg/L). For the larval stage, in acute exposure, the active ingredient (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 800 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 1550 μg/L). In the chronic exposure, the commercial formulation (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 77.33 μg/L) was more toxic than the active ingredient (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 195.25 μg/L). Overall, larvae exhibited greater sensitivity to both the active ingredient and the commercial formulation. However, during chronic exposure, embryos were more sensitive to the commercial formulation than larvae. The commercial formulation primarily induced oxidative stress, and both forms of the compound affected behavior and cholinergic effect biomarkers, even at low environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg/L). These results highlight the potential impact of IVM on aquatic ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ecotoxicological effects of the emerging contaminant ivermectin on Rhinella arenarum: A comparative study of active ingredient and commercial formulation\",\"authors\":\"Julieta Peluso, Agostina Martínez Chehda, Melisa S. Olivelli, Carolina M. Aronzon\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109965\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum veterinary antiparasitic used worldwide in cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lethal effects of the active ingredient and a commercial formulation of IVM (1 % active ingredient) in the embryonic stage (S. 4–6) and larval stage (S. 25) of the South American amphibian <em>Rhinella arenarum</em> through chronic standardized bioassays. Also, behavior analysis and oxidative stress and cholinergic effects biomarkers were analyzed at 1, 10 and 100 μg IVM/L concentrations. For the embryonic stage, the active ingredient (96 h- LC<sub>50</sub>: 15900 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 51230 μg/L) during the acute period, while at chronic exposure the commercial formulation was more toxic (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 10.25 μg/L), compared to the active ingredient (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 312.80 μg/L). For the larval stage, in acute exposure, the active ingredient (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 800 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 1550 μg/L). In the chronic exposure, the commercial formulation (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 77.33 μg/L) was more toxic than the active ingredient (504 h-LC<sub>50</sub>: 195.25 μg/L). Overall, larvae exhibited greater sensitivity to both the active ingredient and the commercial formulation. However, during chronic exposure, embryos were more sensitive to the commercial formulation than larvae. The commercial formulation primarily induced oxidative stress, and both forms of the compound affected behavior and cholinergic effect biomarkers, even at low environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg/L). These results highlight the potential impact of IVM on aquatic ecosystems.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10602,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045624001339\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045624001339","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecotoxicological effects of the emerging contaminant ivermectin on Rhinella arenarum: A comparative study of active ingredient and commercial formulation
Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum veterinary antiparasitic used worldwide in cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lethal effects of the active ingredient and a commercial formulation of IVM (1 % active ingredient) in the embryonic stage (S. 4–6) and larval stage (S. 25) of the South American amphibian Rhinella arenarum through chronic standardized bioassays. Also, behavior analysis and oxidative stress and cholinergic effects biomarkers were analyzed at 1, 10 and 100 μg IVM/L concentrations. For the embryonic stage, the active ingredient (96 h- LC50: 15900 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC50: 51230 μg/L) during the acute period, while at chronic exposure the commercial formulation was more toxic (504 h-LC50: 10.25 μg/L), compared to the active ingredient (504 h-LC50: 312.80 μg/L). For the larval stage, in acute exposure, the active ingredient (96 h-LC50: 800 μg/L) was more toxic than the commercial formulation (96 h-LC50: 1550 μg/L). In the chronic exposure, the commercial formulation (504 h-LC50: 77.33 μg/L) was more toxic than the active ingredient (504 h-LC50: 195.25 μg/L). Overall, larvae exhibited greater sensitivity to both the active ingredient and the commercial formulation. However, during chronic exposure, embryos were more sensitive to the commercial formulation than larvae. The commercial formulation primarily induced oxidative stress, and both forms of the compound affected behavior and cholinergic effect biomarkers, even at low environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg/L). These results highlight the potential impact of IVM on aquatic ecosystems.
期刊介绍:
Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. This journal is concerned with chemical and drug action at different levels of organization, biotransformation of xenobiotics, mechanisms of toxicity, including reactive oxygen species and carcinogenesis, endocrine disruptors, natural products chemistry, and signal transduction with a molecular approach to these fields.