线粒体小泡的生物生成与分泌--线粒体来源的细胞外小泡是大脑健康与疾病的交叉点

IF 2.5 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY
Yohan Kim , Pasquale D’Acunzo , Efrat Levy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在大脑中,线粒体成分通过多种机制释放到细胞外空间,其中包括最近发现的一种称为 "丝裂泡 "的细胞外囊泡。神经元线粒体的囊泡化产生了多种细胞内囊泡类型,有单层膜或双层膜,而分泌到细胞外空间的有丝分裂囊泡是这些线粒体衍生囊泡的独特亚型,具有双层膜和一组特定的线粒体 DNA、RNA、蛋白质和脂质。根据描述线粒体泡状结构和线粒体外泌的最相关文献,我们提出了一种线粒体分泌模型,即当安菲斯小体(一种内膜体-自噬体混合细胞器)与质膜融合时,将有丝分裂泡和外泌体释放到细胞外空间。在衰老和神经退行性疾病中,线粒体功能障碍与内溶酶体异常有关,会改变有丝分裂泡的数量和含量,从而对大脑健康产生下游影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biogenesis and secretion of mitovesicles, small extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin at the crossroads between brain health and disease

In the brain, mitochondrial components are released into the extracellular space via several mechanisms, including a recently identified type of extracellular vesicles called mitovesicles. While vesiculation of neuronal mitochondria yields various intracellular types of vesicles, with either a single or a double membrane, mitovesicles secreted into the extracellular space are a unique subtype of these mitochondria-derived vesicles, with a double membrane and a specific set of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Based on the most relevant literature describing mitochondrial vesiculation and mitochondrial exocytosis, we propose a model for their secretion when the amphisomes, a hybrid endosome–autophagosome organelle, fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing mitovesicles and exosomes into the extracellular space. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, in association with endolysosomal abnormalities, alter mitovesicle number and content, with downstream effect on brain health.

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来源期刊
Current Opinion in Physiology
Current Opinion in Physiology Medicine-Physiology (medical)
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
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