{"title":"Anethum graveolens L. 恢复高脂肪诱导的 HepG2 细胞中游离脂肪酸合成相关基因的表达","authors":"Waranya Chatuphonprasert , Nadta Sukkasem , Pattaraporn Maneechot , Jintanaporn Wattanathorn , Kanokwan Jarukamjorn","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100901","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The ethanolic extract of <em>Anethum graveolens</em> (dill) and its major constituents, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ellagic acid (EA), were investigated for hepatoprotective effects in a HepG2 cell fatty liver model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>HepG2 cells were induced with a combination of oleic (1mM OA) and palmitic (1mM PA) acids and treated with either 10 µM fenofibrate, 1-10 µg/mL CGA or EA, 60-360 µg/mL <em>A. graveolens</em> extract, or left untreated (n=4-5 per group). After 48 hours, cell medium and cells were collected for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fatty acid accumulation assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of free fatty acid (FFA) synthetic pathway-related genes were determined using reverse transcription/real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HepG2 cells treated with OA and PA showed increased ALT, AST, and ROS levels, fatty acid accumulation, and modified mRNA and protein expression of PPAR, SREBP1, ACC, ACOX, FAS, SCD1, and HMGCR fatty acid synthesis-related genes. The CGA, EA, and <em>A. graveolens</em> extract showed hepatoprotective activities in OA and PA-induced HepG2 cells by preventing fatty acid accumulation and restoring mRNA and protein expression levels of the fatty acid synthesis-related genes to control levels, with comparable efficacy to the standard anti-lipidemic drug, fenofibrate. Furthermore, CGA, EA, and <em>A. graveolens</em> extract did not increase ALT and ROS levels in HepG2 cells, in contrast to fenofibrate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>A. graveolens</em> extract, CGA, and EA are good candidates for development as preventive health supplements for fatty liver disease therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Anethum graveolens L. restores expression of free fatty acid synthesis-related genes in high fat induced-HepG2 cells\",\"authors\":\"Waranya Chatuphonprasert , Nadta Sukkasem , Pattaraporn Maneechot , Jintanaporn Wattanathorn , Kanokwan Jarukamjorn\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100901\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The ethanolic extract of <em>Anethum graveolens</em> (dill) and its major constituents, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ellagic acid (EA), were investigated for hepatoprotective effects in a HepG2 cell fatty liver model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>HepG2 cells were induced with a combination of oleic (1mM OA) and palmitic (1mM PA) acids and treated with either 10 µM fenofibrate, 1-10 µg/mL CGA or EA, 60-360 µg/mL <em>A. graveolens</em> extract, or left untreated (n=4-5 per group). After 48 hours, cell medium and cells were collected for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fatty acid accumulation assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of free fatty acid (FFA) synthetic pathway-related genes were determined using reverse transcription/real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HepG2 cells treated with OA and PA showed increased ALT, AST, and ROS levels, fatty acid accumulation, and modified mRNA and protein expression of PPAR, SREBP1, ACC, ACOX, FAS, SCD1, and HMGCR fatty acid synthesis-related genes. The CGA, EA, and <em>A. graveolens</em> extract showed hepatoprotective activities in OA and PA-induced HepG2 cells by preventing fatty acid accumulation and restoring mRNA and protein expression levels of the fatty acid synthesis-related genes to control levels, with comparable efficacy to the standard anti-lipidemic drug, fenofibrate. Furthermore, CGA, EA, and <em>A. graveolens</em> extract did not increase ALT and ROS levels in HepG2 cells, in contrast to fenofibrate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>A. graveolens</em> extract, CGA, and EA are good candidates for development as preventive health supplements for fatty liver disease therapy.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56077,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Herbal Medicine\",\"volume\":\"46 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100901\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Herbal Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803324000587\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803324000587","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Anethum graveolens L. restores expression of free fatty acid synthesis-related genes in high fat induced-HepG2 cells
Introduction
The ethanolic extract of Anethum graveolens (dill) and its major constituents, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ellagic acid (EA), were investigated for hepatoprotective effects in a HepG2 cell fatty liver model.
Methods
HepG2 cells were induced with a combination of oleic (1mM OA) and palmitic (1mM PA) acids and treated with either 10 µM fenofibrate, 1-10 µg/mL CGA or EA, 60-360 µg/mL A. graveolens extract, or left untreated (n=4-5 per group). After 48 hours, cell medium and cells were collected for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fatty acid accumulation assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of free fatty acid (FFA) synthetic pathway-related genes were determined using reverse transcription/real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively.
Results
HepG2 cells treated with OA and PA showed increased ALT, AST, and ROS levels, fatty acid accumulation, and modified mRNA and protein expression of PPAR, SREBP1, ACC, ACOX, FAS, SCD1, and HMGCR fatty acid synthesis-related genes. The CGA, EA, and A. graveolens extract showed hepatoprotective activities in OA and PA-induced HepG2 cells by preventing fatty acid accumulation and restoring mRNA and protein expression levels of the fatty acid synthesis-related genes to control levels, with comparable efficacy to the standard anti-lipidemic drug, fenofibrate. Furthermore, CGA, EA, and A. graveolens extract did not increase ALT and ROS levels in HepG2 cells, in contrast to fenofibrate.
Conclusion
A. graveolens extract, CGA, and EA are good candidates for development as preventive health supplements for fatty liver disease therapy.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Herbal Medicine, the official journal of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, is a peer reviewed journal which aims to serve its readers as an authoritative resource on the profession and practice of herbal medicine. The content areas of the journal reflect the interests of Medical Herbalists and other health professionals interested in the clinical and professional application of botanical medicines. The objective is to strengthen the research and educational base of herbal medicine with research papers in the form of case studies, original research articles and reviews, monographs, clinical trials and relevant in vitro studies. It also publishes policy statements, opinion pieces, book reviews, conference proceedings and profession related information such as pharmacovigilance reports providing an information source for not only the Herbal Practitioner but any Health professional with an interest in phytotherapy.