Integration of EGs in capacitor added optimal DPS for FG maximization

High energy loss and lower Node Voltage Profile (NVP) are the two main issues that have to be addressed by the researchers for the past three decades since it involves economic loss for the Distribution Companies. The above two issues can be mitigated by well-renowned techniques such as the Alteration of Topological Structure (ATS) of Distribution Power Systems (DPS), Reactive Power Support (RPS) and integration of Embedded Generations (EGs). This work focuses on separate and combined operation of ATS and RPS under five different scenarios considering three load levels. Additionally, to achieve maximum E_Loss reduction with Financial Gains (FG) and NVP enhancement, this study adopts allocation of EGs after combined operation of RPS and ATS considering the same three load levels thereby further improvement in efficacy. Moreover, a fast and novel optimization algorithm called Improved (using levy flight) Spotted Hyena Optimizer (ISHO) has been proposed in this work to solve the cost-based objective function. The efficacy of the designed methodology has been validated using 62-node and PG&E 69-node radial DPS. Using combined operation of ATS and RPS, around 48 % and 66 % of E_Loss reduction has been witnessed for 62-node and PG&E 69-node DPS respectively. More than $90 K has been yielded as FG for both the DPSs. Integration of EGs reduces the E_Loss further by around 29 %. Maximum FG of $5.1 lakhs and $2.9 lakhs has been obtained by EG integration for 62-node and PG&E 69-bus DPS respectively. The outcome reveals that the performance of the developed methodology effectively achieves more E_Loss reduction and FG for all the cases.