Analysis of the Epidemic Curve of the Waves of COVID-19 Using Integration of Functions and Neural Networks in Peru

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to claim victims. According to the World Health Organization, in the 28 days leading up to 25 February 2024 alone, the number of deaths from COVID-19 was 7141. In this work, we aimed to model the waves of COVID-19 through artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the sigmoidal–Boltzmann model. The study variable was the global cumulative number of deaths according to days, based on the Peru dataset. Additionally, the variables were adapted to determine the correlation between social isolation measures and death rates, which constitutes a novel contribution. A quantitative methodology was used that implemented a non-experimental, longitudinal, and correlational design. The study was retrospective. The results show that the sigmoidal and ANN models were reasonably representative and could help to predict the spread of COVID-19 over the course of multiple waves. Furthermore, the results were precise, with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The computational sigmoidal–Boltzmann model was also time-efficient. Moreover, the Spearman correlation between social isolation measures and death rates was 0.77, which is acceptable considering that the social isolation variable is qualitative. Finally, we concluded that social isolation measures had a significant effect on reducing deaths from COVID-19.