Sifat Kalam, Abhishek Dutta, Xuesong Li, Sangsuk Lee, Duong Nguyen, Anthony P. Straub* and Jongho Lee*,
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Maximizing Biochemical and Energy Recovery from Wastewater Using Vapor-Gap Membranes
Carbon, nutrients, and heat are available in vast quantities in wastewater. However, technologies that can effectively extract chemicals and energy are needed to realize wastewater as a sustainable resource. Recent advances in wetting-resistant porous membranes, termed vapor-gap membranes (VGMs), have demonstrated that they are well-suited to the facile, selective, and cost-effective recovery of volatile resources and energy from wastewater. In this review, we examine the promise and limitations of VGM-based processes with a particular focus on two types of resources from wastewater: dissolved volatile compounds and low-grade heat. We begin by discussing the driving forces and selective mechanisms required for the extraction of different resources through VGMs. Then, the current status and challenges for the recovery of volatile compounds using VGMs are presented. We also analyze the resource potential of thermal energy in wastewater and its recovery using VGMs. Based on the membrane capabilities, process requirements, and resource availability, we assess the feasibility of wastewater valorization using VGMs and identify the research needs to achieve high recovery efficiency, long-term reliability, and scalability.
期刊介绍:
ACS ES&T Engineering publishes impactful research and review articles across all realms of environmental technology and engineering, employing a rigorous peer-review process. As a specialized journal, it aims to provide an international platform for research and innovation, inviting contributions on materials technologies, processes, data analytics, and engineering systems that can effectively manage, protect, and remediate air, water, and soil quality, as well as treat wastes and recover resources.
The journal encourages research that supports informed decision-making within complex engineered systems and is grounded in mechanistic science and analytics, describing intricate environmental engineering systems. It considers papers presenting novel advancements, spanning from laboratory discovery to field-based application. However, case or demonstration studies lacking significant scientific advancements and technological innovations are not within its scope.
Contributions containing experimental and/or theoretical methods, rooted in engineering principles and integrated with knowledge from other disciplines, are welcomed.