The Impact of Air-Tightness on Smoke Transport During High-Rise Building Fires Under Low-Temperature Conditions

This study employs a combination of theoretical analysis, Similarity simulation, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the airflow caused by the stack effect under different leakage conditions in high-rise buildings and the transport of fire smoke. Building on previous research, we quantify the leakage area using a formula and classify it into two categories, "tight" and "leaky." Based on the analysis results, we conduct a similarity simulation experiment in a small-scale high-rise building experimental platform with a height of 5.2 m to create a certain size of leakage area at the bottom and record carbon monoxide concentration at different locations and times. The obtained result is then compared with the numerical simulation result, and the similarity simulation results match well with the numerical simulation results. The findings demonstrate that increasing the leakage area accelerates the transport of smoke due to the stack effect, particularly at higher floors. This paper also discusses strategies to impede smoke diffusion, providing valuable references for the safety design of high-rise buildings.