Progress on Coherent Perovskites Emitters: From Light-Emitting Diodes under High Current Density Operation to Laser Diodes

Perovskites exhibit appealing optical and electrical properties, making them attractive candidates for efficient luminescent materials with low-cost and straightforward fabrication processes. Their versatility is highlighted by the ability to deposit perovskite thin films on various substrates, including silicon, glass, sapphire, and flexible substrates, enabling potential monolithic integration on silicon for applications such as photonic integrated circuits, high-speed communication. Extensive studies on perovskite light-emitting diodes have shown external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20% across a wide spectral range from deep blue to near-infrared, with chirality. Additionally, perovskite-based lasing action has been achieved under pulsed optical excitation and continuous-wave operation, as well as in functional diode structures. However, realizing electrically driven perovskite laser diodes for practical applications requires the injection of intense current densities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical progress in perovskite lasers and light-emitting didoes, along with important design considerations essential for their development.